
Class A. i fa 
Book— L^ 1 .- 



SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT 



/Au-A 



A 



GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION' 

OF THE ll£X 

UNITED STATES, 

WITH THE CONTIGUOUS 



BRITISH AND SPANISH POSSESSIONS, 



INTENDED AS AN ACCOMPANIMENT TO 

MELISH'S 

MAP OF THESE COUNTRIES. 



BY JOHN MELISH. 






.■<0^^ 


THIRD EDITION. 


.J 


PHILADELPHIA. 




PUBLISHED BT THE AUTHOR. 




1818. 




^ 








DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit: 

BI". IT REMEMBERED, That on the sixteenth day of July, in the 
forty-first year of the iiuieiH'ndence of the United States of Aintrica, A. D. 
1816, John Melish, of the said district, hath deposited in tliis ofi'ice the title of 
a book, the right wliercofhe claims as autlior, in the words foliowing, to wit: 

" A Geographical Description of the United States, with the contiguous Bri- 
" tish and Spanish Possessions, intended as an accompaniment to Melisli's Map 
" of these countries. By John Melish." 

In conformity to the Act of tl\e Congress of the United States, entitled, " An 
Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times 
therein mentioned." — And also to the Act, entitled, "An Act supplementary 
to an Act, entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
the copies of maps, charts, and l)ooks, to the authors and proprietor.s of such 
copies, during the times therein nientioned,'and extending the benefits there- 
of to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." 

D. CALDWELL, 
Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania, 



GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES, 

WITH THE CONTIGUOUS 

BRITISH AND SPANISH POSSESSIONS. 



PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 

Observations on the first and second Editions, 

The author of this work, having now so far com- 
pleted his labours in this delightful field of enquiry, 
as to be able to place before him a finished speci- 
men of the Map, he sit« down with real pleasure to 
compose the accompanying Description. 

In the oiiginnl prospectus, drawn up while the 
suf)ject was yet in embryo, high expectati«)nrs were 
formed as to the utility and general appearance of 
the map ; and it ma,v he of importance to introduce 
an extract, in order that the public may have an 
opportunity of judging how far these expectations 
have been realised. 

^' In the course of his geographical studies, he 
<* (the author) was frequently le<l to regret, that 
" there was no map in existence presenting an en- 
" tire view of the United States territory ; and hav- 
*^ ing occasioa to consult a great variety of docu- 

B 



«' nients in constrncting liis maps relative to the late 
^< war, lie formed an opinion that a map of the 

^'^ UNI rED STATES IN CONNEXION WITH THE BRITISH 

" AND SPAMSH POSSESSIONS, Constructed with spe- 
" cial reference to the events of the war, would he 
" a m'eat desideratum in geographical science. 

^' In pursuance of this opinion, an outline of such 
" a map was drawn, and he was delighted to find 
" that the ohjcct could be accomplished on a scale 
'< sufficiently large for general information, without 
<<= swelling the subject to an inc(»nvenient size; 
" while the form and general features of the map 
" would present a very beautiful picture." 

When this extract was written, it was intended 
to carry the map no farther west than the ridge di- 
viding the waters falling into the Gulf of Mexico, 
from those falling into the Pacific Ocean. A sub- 
sequent view of the subject pointed out the propriety 
of addina; the. two western sheets, so as to carry it 
to the Pacific Ocean. For this part excellent mate 
rials were procured. Part of this territory untpies- 
tionably belongs to the United States. To present 
a picture of it was desirable in every point of view. 
The map so constructed, shows at a glance the 
whole extent of the United States territory from sea 
to sea; and, in tracing the probable expansion of 
the human race from east to west, the mind tiuds 
an agreeable resting-place on its western limits. 
The view is complete, and leaves nothing to be 
wished for. It also adds to the beauty and sym- 
metry of the map ; which will, it is c(uifiden<ly be- 
lieved, be found one of the most useful and orna- 
mental works ever executed m this country. 



Having said this much, the author shall leave his 
unmeroiis suhscriliers to judge for thenasplvj's; but 
he cannot do justice to his feelings without stating, 
that in the execution of the work he has succeeded 
beyond his most sanguine expectations. T"lie ex- 
tent of the information acquired, and the excellence 
of the workmanship devehiped in the topographical 
representation ; particularly in shading the moun- 
tains and waters, is indeed a convinring proof of 
the rapid progress of geographical science, and of 
the fiue arts in the United States. But it is the 
view presented in other forms that affords the most 
pleasing »iensations. The vast extent of the United 
States territory — the fertility of the soil — the salu- 
brity of the climate — the magnitude of the rivers 
and lakes ; and their usefulness as applied to na- 
vigation and the mechanic arts : — and the view of 
the whole as being the habitation of men among 
whom self-government has f(U' the first time had a 
fair chance of successful experiment. It is this 
view of the subject that is calculated to lead to the 
most refined sensations, and to afford at every 
glance ground for thankfulness to Divine Provi- 
dence, that here at last mankind have found an 
Asylum, where all the effVirts of tyrant man to 
shackle his fellow will be in vain; and where every 
man may sit under iiis own vine, and under his own 
fig-tree, and none to make him afraid. 

Having made these general reflections, we shall 
now submit a more particular view of the subject 
on the following plan : 

1st. A brief description of the general form and 
features of the map ; with an account of the mate- 
rials from which it was constructed. 



6 

Silly. A gpneral view of the Unitefl Stales ; with 
a p-irticular acroniil <»f the boundary lines i>et\veea 
them and the British and Spanish possessions. 

3dly. A particular view of the United States, 
geo^rapliically arrani;ed into states and territories ; 
wi'lj topographical tables of the counties, town- 
ship«i, and population; and a complete list of the 
post offices in the several districts. 

4thly. A view of the British possessions to the 
north and east of the United States. 

5thly. A view of the Spanish internal provinces, 
and of Fhirida. 

6thly, A view of the West Indies, and of the 
islands of Bahama and Bermuda. 



Observations on the third Edition. 

It is now about fifteen months since the first 
edition of this work issued From the press. Two 
whole editions have been dispo'^ed of, and the de- 
mand continues unabated. This was naturally to 
be expected, because it is the only work of the 
kind that exhibits an entire view of the United 
States Territory ; and the description is the only 
work which brings the geographical view of ilie 
Ui:ited States, down to the present period. In 
pursuance of the author's general plan, editions of 
a moderate size, only, are prepared, so as to affoicl 
frequent opportunities of bringing forward new 
matter. To illustrate the utility of this plan, it 
is only necessary to s'ate. that, since the pul»lica- 
tion of the second edition, a new Table of the J^ost 



Offices of the United States has Iieen published 
b^ direction of the Pos( MastiT General ; of which 
a(lvantaij;e has been taken for improving the Post 
Office lists in this editi(»n. JV*ew maps of Tennes- 
see, of Indiana, and of Georgia, have been i>rought 
ftirward, from which the view of these slates has 
been materially improved, both in the map and 
description. The Mississippi Territory has been 
divided ; the western portion being formed into a 
new State by the title of Mississippi^ and the 
eastern part into a new Territory called Jilahama. 
This hrts atforded ample matter for the improve- 
ment of ihe views of that district. Other improve- 
menis too numerous to mention, have been iniro- 
duced in other places. It may be added, that by 
the plan adopted, (he subject is always new The 
map is printed off 100 at a time, and before a new 
hundred be printed, the plates are carefully re- 
vised, and if there be room for corrections or im- 
provements, these are made accindingly. A new 
edition of the description will be made annually, 
and every thing new that occurs in the course of 
the year, will be inserted in the new edition. By this 
mode of management the map and description pre- 
sent A PICTUKE OF THE UmTED STxITES ALWAYS 

NEW, and whoever takes the trouble carefully, to 
consult them, will, it is confidently believed be 
amply gratified by alncid and lively view of a coun- 
try destined to become one of the most interesting 
in the w orld. 



SECTION T. 

ti brief description of the general form and fea- 
tures of the Map ; with an account of the Mate- 
rials from which it was constructed. 

The map exteiuls from north latitude 22^ ftO' to 
53° 10', emhrating 30° 20' of latitude, or 2i0o 
miles from north to south ; and at the middle part, 
from the 17th des;ree of lons;itude east, to the 47th 
decree of longitude west of Wjishin^ton : being 64° 
of longitude, which is nearly 3ii00 miles. The 
northern part prest-nts a view of Newfoundland, 
Cape Breton, Nova Scoti;*, New Brunswick, Isle 
St. John's or Prince Edward's, Antiscosti, Labra- 
dor, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and an exten- 
sive range of country on the west thereof to the Pa- 
cific Ocean. Beginning at the north-east corner 
we see the straits of Belleisle on the north, and the 
South Entrance on the south of Newfoundland, 
leading into the spacious Gulf of St. Lawrence ; 
and pursuing the river of that name to the west- 
ward, we successively arrive at the great lakes 
Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, Michigan and 
Superior. To the northward we have a view of 
the southern point of Hudson's bay, aud of lake 
Winnipeg ; with a great many lakes of less note, 
and the rivers flowing into them, particularly the 
Albany River, the Assiuihoiu and its branches, 
and the Saskashawan. To the westward we per- 
ceive the continuation of those high mountains, that 
form the dividing ridge between the waters falling 
into the eastern aud western oceans ; and part of 
the noble Coiuuibia River, and Gulf of Georgia. 



In the middle of the map we have a view of the 
United States, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on 
tiieeast; the great lakes already noticed on the 
north: the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and the 
Pacific Ocean on the west. The map was extend- 
ed southward so as to include p.trtof the Island of 
Cuba, that it mi2;ht present a view of the connexion 
by water between the Atlantic coast and the Gulf 
of Mexico; and to render it more useful, the sup- 
posed limi'^s of the gulf stream are laid down, and 
the velocity of the stream in different parts is de- 
scribed. The chains of mountains that form the 
dividing ridges between the eastern and western 
waters, are a pretty prominent feature on the eastern 
part of the United States; the great Mississippi, 
with its numerous branches, holds majestic sway 
in the middle ; and the eye is gratified by the bold 
features on the western part, where the numerous 
branches of the Columl)ia's waters interlock with 
those of the Missouri, among lofty chains of cloud- 
capped mountains, many of them covered with 
perpetual snow. 

To the south-west are the Spanish internal pro- 
vinces, with California, and part of the vice-royalty 
of Mexico. The Rio Grand del Norte, calculated 
by nature to form so fine a boundary between this 
country and the United States, is worthy of parti- 
lar notice ; as is also the Rio Ccdorado of the west, 
the Gulf of California, and the supposed course of 
a large ri^er which falls into the Bay of St. Fran- 
cisro on the west- 

The peninsula of East Florida, the Bahama IsL 
ands, and the port ot Havanua, are important in 



10 

every point of view, as coniipoted with the United 
States. The map exten(ls so far east as to present 
a view of the Bermuda Islands, and that tlie sul>ject 
may be every way complete, a view of the West 
Indies, on a reduced scale, is presented on the 
south-east corner. A statistical table, showing; at a 
glance the magnitude and population of the several 
countries exhibited on the map, is placed in the 
vacant space occupied by the gulf of Mexico ; and 
a title highly creditable to the artists by whom it 
was "designed and executed, occupies the other 
vacant space in the Atlantic Ocean. 

In colourins; the map, attention has been paid to 
a scientific arrangement. The representation of 
the United States is the most prominent feature, 
and the predominant colour selected for it was 
green. It was neces^iary to use variegated c<dours 
to give a good representation of the several states 
and territories ; but no green is used in colouring 
the British or Spanish possessions. The predo- 
minant colour for the British possessions is I'ed; 
and the boundary between them and the United 
States, is wholly shaded witti that colour. The 
predominant colour in the Spanish possessions is 
yellow^ which, in like manner, is wholly used in 
shading the boundaries between them and the Uni- 
ted States. 

In the West Indies, the islands are coloured so 
as to designate their several possessors.— The Bri- 
tish parts are sliade<l red — the Spanish yelloit — 
the Haytian sienna — the French green, and the 
Danes and Swedes blue. 

In constructing ihe map, recourse was had to 
the following materials : 



11 

For the United States. — The various state maps, 
from actual survey, so far as these surveys have ex- 
tended ; aulfd by much useful information as to the 
roads and distances, from Bradley's very excellent 
general map ; and as to the delineation of the moun- 
tains, and style of the work, from Arrovvsmith's. 
Information resjarding the territories was principal- 
ly procured from the land office at VVasiiington. 
The Mississippi river and the higher parts of the 
La Platte, Osage, Arkansas, and lied rivers, with 
the adjacent countries, are delineated from Pike's 
travels. It is a tribute of respect, justly due to the 
memory of that enterprising traveller, and brave 
officer, to say, that the information furnished by him 
has been of great value to this map ; and the me- 
morial of his adventures has accordingly been per- 
petuated by the delineation of his route upon its 
surface, not only through Louisiana, but also 
through the Spanish internal provinces. 

The Missouri river, and its various branches, to- 
gether with the Columbia and its numerous streams, 
and the Rocky mountains, are laid down princi- 
pally from the information communicated to the 
world by Lewis and Clark, who performed one of 
the greatest and most important overland journeys 
ever undertaken by man. The light which their re- 
searches have shed upon the geographical science 
of North America, cannot be too highly appreciated. 
Their routes are also delineated on the map. The 
name of Lewis is consecrated to everlasting remera- 
branee among the friends of geographical science ; 
and Clark has lived to receive the reward of his 
intrepidity, by the gratitude of his country, in being 



IS 

appointed governor of the territory that he so pel*- 
sevrrin:;ly exjilored. 

Before chjsinji; this part of the subject, it may be 
proper to notice several important alterations and 
additions, that were made upon the map while it 
was in progress, becausn this will have the double 
effect of showing the great pains that were taken 
to render the sul»ject complele, and of bringing into 
view the work** of several very meritorious labour- 
ers in the vineyard of geogra|)hy. After the plan- 
work was wholly finished, JVlr. William Darhy, 
and Mr Lewis Bringier, arrived in Philadelphia, 
with MS. maps of Louisiana, of great value and 
imp»)rtance. Mr. Darhy's map embraced the whole 
of the state of Louisiana, principally from actual 
survey ; and more accurate materials than had been 
produced heretofore of the country east of it to 
Pensacola, and the country west nearly to the Rio 
Bravo del Norte. Mr. Bringier's map emhraced 
the whole of that part of the Missouri territory, 
known by the name of Upper Louisiana, from the 
northern boundary of the state of Louisiana, to 
above St. Louis ; and from the Mississippi to the 
2Sd degree of west longitude. An arrangement 
was immediately formed with these gentlemen, by 
which the result of their information was incorpo- 
rated into this map. The old work was accor- 
dingly erased from the plates, and the new substi- 
tuted at great lahour and expense. We may add 
here, that Darby's map, with a descriptive volume 
of new and interesting matter, has been published. 
JBiingier's MS. map is in the hands of the author, 
and, being a work of great value, particularly as 



13 

regards the mduntains and minpralogy of the codq- 
tey it delineates, it will probably he pui>lished at 
no distant period. 

A new and accurate MS. map of Georgia, com- 
piled from the records of actual survey, by Mr, 
I) .niel Sturgis, and of which Mr. Eleazer Early, 
of .Savannah, is proprietor, was pi iced in the hands 
of (he author of fhe map of the United States for 
publication; and he was authorised to make use of 
it for correcting this map, which was accordingly 
done — not only in the Georgia part, but also of 
thai part of (he Mississippi territory whicii was the 
theatre of the memorable campaigns of the brave 
general Jackson and his compatriots, in quelling 
the flagrant outrages of the Creek nation of Indians. 
The materials for this part of the subject were 
principally furnished to Mr. Early by Mr. Warren. 

It would be too tedious to proceed further in 
detail in giving an historical account of the progress 
of the other parts of the map. It is sufficient to 
say, that the author has been most generously sup- 
plied with information from every quarter ; and he 
has used every exertion to avail himself of it, so as 
to produce a view of the country, which he hopes 
Vi^W be as valuable to his fellow-citizens as it is 
gratifying to himself. 

A few remarks that suggest themselves as to the 
scale of the map, will be more appropriate at the 
close of this article ; and a list of geographical 
works, at the end of the volume, will convey to 
the reader the necessary information on that subject. 

The British possessions are delineated from the 
latest and best materials whichi the author couid 



14< 

obtain. Smithes and Fadyon's maps of TJppei 
Cannda, and Holland's map of Lower Canada, 
were used as the basis of information in those coun- 
tries ; and Arrowsmith's general maps, andM'Ken- 
zie's travels, furnished the remaining part; the 
whole being corrected, and much improved by va- 
rious Military MS. maps, and by a very excellent 
four j^heet map, embracing the whole country to 
the north and east of Pensylvania and New Jersey, 
lately published by Laurie and Whittle, in London^ 
under the title of Cabotia. 

For the Spanish part,*Miin\ho]td^s very excellent 
map was selected as the basis, use being made of 
Pike's Travel's, for filling up some of the details. 
The valuable charts of Vancouver furnished the 
materials for delineating the Western Coast and 
California ; and some of the details, particularly 
about the Bay of St. Francisco, were procured 
from the voyages and travels of G. H. Von Langs- 
dorff, lately published. 

The statistical table is the result of an entire 
new admeasurement of the several countries ex- 
hibited on the map, compared with all the most 
approved statistical tables extant. To bring geo- 
graphical details into a focus, as it were, by a table 
of this kind, is a work of great labour ; but the 
utility is self-evident, and it is confidently hoped 
au<l believed, that this will give satisfaction. 

We may now glance at the scale of the map ; 
hecause it has been sometimes remarked that it was 
too small. But let it be observed, that the object 
of this map was not to give geographical details : 
but to present an interesting picture of a great 



15 

%vhole. The scale selected was sixty miles to au 
inch, which is sufficiently ample in the construction 
of a general map. No material information could 
have been added, unless the scale had been suffi- 
ciently large to admit the counties. The least that 
could have been used for that purpose, would have 
been thirty miles to an inch ; and had tliis been 
adopted, it would have rendered the mdi\i four times 
its present size ; an extent which would have quite 
defeated the end of the publication. It is much 
easier to delineate a subject of this kind on a large 
scale than on a small one. The pains that were 
tal^en to comliine and to arrange the various sub- 
jects, so as to produce a lively and intelligent pic- 
ture of the country, was great beyond all descrip- 
tion ; and after this explanation, and a perusal of 
the work, it is believed that the public will be per- 
fectly satisfied on this point. 

In truth it is absolutely impossible to make a 
general map of such an extended country as this 
answer a particular purpose. The object of this 
map was to serve as a subject for general reference, 
and as a key map to the local maps of the several 
states and territories from actual survey. It is 
believed that it will be found well calculated to 
answer this purpose, because its geographical ac- 
curacy can be depended upon. The maps of the 
several states and territories, quoted at the close of 
this work, will furnish all the details ; and for 
more general information on i\\Q, thickly settlpd \ihvi 
of the United States, Bradley's map is worthy of 
attention. 



16 

Besides the maps from actual survey, anil Brad- 
ley's rna|), another kind of maps will he fonn<l very 
useful, particularly to travellers. These are sheet 
maps of the several states and territories; and as 
they will answer remarkably well as accompani- 
ments to the present general map. a series oT i.M-m 
will he brought forward as quickly as good mate- 
rials caa be collected. 



17 



SECTION n. 

J general view of the United States, with a parti- 
cular account of the boundary lines between 
them and the British and Spanish possessions. 

A land more fair and happy never sun 
View'd in his wide career ! A lovely spot 
For all that life can ask ! salubrious ! mild ! 

Its hills are green ! its woods and prospects fair 1 
Its meadows fertile ! and, to crown the whole 
In one delij^htful word — it is our home — 

The seat of liberty and all its sweets. 

The United States is the only portion of the 
western world that has been consolidated into an 
independent government; and is the only country 
on earth where the people enjoy in tlie fullest ex- 
tent the sovereia;n power : a blessing which is con- 
solidated by their manners and habits ; and gua- 
ranteed by an extent of country, which afltirds 
^' room for their descendants to the thousandth and 
thousandth generation." Such was the expression 
of one of her wisest men before the acquisition of 
Louisiana. The importance of this acquisition will 
be self-evident, by glancing the eye to the west- 
ward over the map, where will be viewed the re- 
presentation of one of the most elegant countries in 
the whole world — a country secured to the fjee 
men of America, by the wisdom and sngacity of 
her councils ; whom generations yet unborn will 
bless. 

In constructing this article, it is not the intention 
of the author to enter into detail, but simply to state 
a few of the most striking features of the country, 



18 

which may be pprnsed with advantage while view- 
ing the map. The suhject naturally arranges itself 
in the following order : 

Situation and extent^ boundaries, face of the 
country, mountains^ rivers and lakes, minerals, 
soil, produce, climate, settlement and progress, 
government, laws, and education, to conclude with 
a general statistical table. 

Situation and extent. The United States is 
situated between 2i)° TiO' and 49° 37' north lati- 
tude ; and between 10° east, and 48° 20' west lon- 
gitude from Washington. The most northern part 
is bounded by a line running due west from the 
iioi'th-west corner of the Lake of the Woods, and 
the southern extremity is the outlet of the Rio del 
Norte. The eastern extremity is the great Menan 
Island, on the Coast of Maine, and the western is 
Cape Flattery, north of Columbia river on the 
Pacific Ocean. The greatest extent of the country 
from north to south is 1650 miles, and from east to 
west 2/00. The area is about 2,379,350 square 
miles, or 1,522,784,000 acres. The population 
by the last census was 7,239,903 ; being less than 
3 to each square mile of territory, and to every in- 
habitant there is nearly 200 acres of land. What 
a field is here presented for contemplation ! A 
square mile of territory is capable of sustaining up- 
wards of 300 human beings ; but, allowing only 
100 to the square mile, the United States territory 
could sustain nearly 240 millions ; and then the 
population would not be more condensed than it 
now is in many places along the Atlantic coast. 
To enable the reader, at a glance, to draw a com- 
parison between this country and some others, on 



19 

this important branch of political economy, the fol- 
lowing table is subjoined : 



AMERICA. 


Inhab. per sqr. 
mile. 


EUROPE. 


Inhab. per sqr. 
mile. 


Connecticut, 


60 


Italy, 


222 


Massachusetts, 


54 


■ England, 


181 


New York, 


18 


Frjnce, 


174 


Pennsylvania, 


16 


Ireland, 


156 


Virginia, 


14 


Spain, 


72 


Louisiana, under 


2 


Scotland, 


63 



Supposing the whole territory of the United 
States only as thickly settled as Pennsylvania (the 
medium between New York and V^irgiuia,) it would 
contain upwards of 38 millions ; with a population 
equal to Connecticut, it would contain nearly 143 
millions. Equal to England, it would contain 
upwards of •430 millions : and equal to Italy, it 
"Would contain upwards of 528 millions of human 
beings. 

Supposing the population to increase in the same 
ratio as it has done for 100 years, the result would 
be nearly as follows : 





Population. 


In 1818 


9,457,473 


1820 


10,098,177 


1830 


13,769,726 


1840 


18,769.567 


1850 


25,582,919 


1860 


34,869,520 


1870 


47,527,165 


1880 


64,779,525 


1890 


88.294 394 


1900 


120,345,394 


1910 


164,030,77,2 


1918 


211,665,486 



D 



80 that according to this ratio, the whole coim. 
try would be equally populous with Pennsylvania, 
about the year 1868. About the year 1905, it 
would equal Connecticut; and about the year 1941, 
it would be equally populous with England. 

Boundaries. The United States is bounded on 
the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and the British 
province of New Brunswick. On the North by 
the British possessions of Lower and Upper Ca- 
nada, and the large unsettled country to the west- 
ward of those provinces. On the West by the 
Pacific Ocean ; on the south-west by the Spanish 
internal provinces and the Ri- del Norte : and on 
the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. The 
boundaries are distinctly marked upon the map^ 
and have been run according to the best informa- 
tion which the author could procure ; but as this 
is a sul)ject which involves a considerable differ- 
ence of oj)inion, he shall state a few of the reasons 
for this decision, and leave the public to judge for 
themselves. 

In the definitive treaty of peace between the 
United States and Britain, executed at Paris, on 
the 3d of September, 1783, the northern and east- 
ern boundaries are descrilied as follows, viz. : 
^' From the north-west iin^\e of Nova Scotia ; viz. 
that anj.le which is formed by a line drawn due 
north from the source of St. Croix river to the 
Hit;hlands ; along the said Highlands which di- 
vide those rivers that empty themselves into the 
river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the 
Atlantic Ocean, to the north-westernmost head of 
Connecticut river ; thence down along the middle 



of that river to the 45th (le2;ree of north latitude j 
from thence by a line due west on said latitude, 
until it strikes the river Iroquois or Calaraquy : 
thence along the middle of said river into Lake 
Ontario, through the middle of said lake until it 
strikes the communication by water betwrcn that 
lake and Lake Erie; thence along the middle of 
said communication into Lake Erie, through the 
middle of said lake until it arrives at tiie water 
communication between that lake and Lake Huron; 
thence along the middle of said water commnnica- 
tion into Lake Huron ; thence through the middle 
of said lake to the water communication between 
that lake and Lake Superior; thence through Lake 
Superior northward of the Isles Royal and Phili- 
peaux, to the Long Lake ; thence through the mid- 
dle of said Long Lake and the water communica- 
tion between it and the Lake of the Woods, to the 
said Lake of the Woods ; thence through the said 
lake to the most north- western point thereof, and 
from thence on a due west course to the river Mis- 
sissippi. East by a line to be drawn along the 
middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the 
Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source 
directly north to the aforesaid Highland* w hich 
divide the rivers that fall int(» the Atlantic Ocean 
from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence; 
comprehending all islands within twenty leagues 
of any part of the shores of the United States, and 
lying between lines to be drawn due east from tlie 
points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova 
Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the 
other, shall respectively touch the Jiay of Fundy 



and the Atlantic Ocean ; excepting such islands as 
now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits 
of the said province of Nova Scotia." 

S«» far then as the nortli-west corner of the Lake 
of the Woods, there ran be but one opijiion on the 
subject of the norihern boundary. The boundary 
as exhibited on the map, is expressly in the terms 
of the treaty. When the line comes to be accu- 
rately run by the commissioners, there may be 
some deviations from the view here given, but the 
principle will remain unchans;ed. 

As to the country west of the Lake of the Woods, 
it is evident that the commissioners were of opinion, 
that it should be part of the territory of the United 
States, as high as a line to be run due west from 
the north-west corner of that lake until it reached 
as far west as the Mississippi : which was at that 
period the western boundary of the Unile<l Stales. 
Subsequent events have annexed the w hole of Loui- 
siana to the country, so that the norihern boundary 
of it behoves to be ascertained, as it was possessed, 
by France ; but the country never having been set- 
tled, the boundary has not been accurately defined. 
The best course as regards this map, has appear- 
ed t(» be to run the boundary line due west from the 
no7'th-west corner of the Lake of the Woods to the 
Gulf of Georgia, and thence along that gulf, and 
the Straits of Juan de Fuco, to the Pacific Ocean. 
In colouring the map, however, we have deviated 
a liitli' from that line. From the view of the head 
waters of the Missouri, as exhibited on the map, 
which is the result of all the information we have 
been able to procure, it appears that they extend 



S3 

beyond this line, and so does the head waters of 
Clark's River. It is jiresumed, hy some, that both 
oui^htto belong to the United Slates, and the map 
is coloured accordingly, tbal both views of the sub- 
ject may be seen. 

In re;i;ard to the boundary between the United 
States and Spain, we have procured very excellent 
data, whereby to delineate it on the map. From the 
various documents that have been consulted, there 
appears to he no doubt, that the French were the 
first actual settlers in Louisiana. It is, however, 
foreign to our purpose, to give a history of the set- 
tlement of that country : we shall, therefore, select 
those circumstances that determined its limits as a 
French colony. 

In the year 1684. La Salle sailed from France, 
with a small squadron, for the purpose of estab- 
lishing a colony on the Mississippi ; but missing 
the mouth of that river, he reached the bay of St. 
Louis, called by the Spaniards, and marked on the 
map, the Bay of St. Joseph. Here three of his 
vessels were cast away. The greatest part of the 
men an<l goods were saved : but he himself was 
taken ill. LTpoii his recovery, he took regular pos- 
session of the country, formed a settlement, and 
built a fwrt. which is now known by the name of 
Fort Matagarda. At this time there were no other 
settlements in that part of the country, so that the 
right of France became unquestionable ; and all the 
subsequent settlements of Spain to the East of the 
Rio del Norte, were reganled as usurpations. So 
much for the western limits. On the east side, in 
the year 1699, the French, under M. de Bienville, 



S4^ 

landed on the shore of the Biloxi Bay, opposite to 
the pas!^ between Cat and Ship islands, and form- 
ed an estahlishment in that part of Louisiana ; and 
by an order from his government, he removed to 
Dauphin Island, at the outlet of Mobile Bay. 
Pen»<acola was then in the possession of the Spa- 
niards, and the Perdido river being the only en-^ 
trance from the Gulf of Mexico, between Mobile 
and Pi'usacola bays, it beeame the line of separa- 
tion between the French colony of Louisiana, and 
the Spanish colony of Florida. 

The French title, thus established, was recog- 
nised throughout Europe, and maps and descrip- 
tions of the country, so bounded, formed a part of 
the systems of geography and atlases of that day. 

In the year 17^1, a very elaborate geographical 
work was published in London, entitled "A New 
General Atlas, containing a geographical and his- 
torical account of all the empires, kingdoms, and 
other dominions of the world ; with the maps laid 
down according to the observations communicated 
to the Engli><h Royal Society, and the French 
Royal Academy of Sciences." In this atlas, 
there is a map, entitled, '* A Map of Louisiana and 
the river Mississippi." inscribed to William Law, 
of Lawreston Esq. This map furnishes evidence 
as to the western limits of Louisiana of the highest 
authority, and fixes the boundary line on the west 
side of the Rio del Norte, to the Rio Solado, an- 
swering to the Rio Puerco on the modern maps. It 
is continued along that river to near its source. 
From thence it passes to the east of Santa Fe, to 
between the 37th and 38lh degrees of N. latitude, 



25 

where it crosses the Rio del Norte, and is so conti- 
nued to the margin of the map, which is about half 
a degree west of that river. 

Upon these data, the western boundary of Loui- 
siana is constructed. It takes the. Rio del Norte 
to the river Piierco, then along that river to the 
chain of mountains which forms the dividing ridge 
between it and the Rio Colorado; then along that 
ridi^e to beyond Santa Fe, where it bends towards 
the Rio del Norte near the latitude of 38° N. ; 
then along the Rio del Norte to its source, where 
a note is inserted, expressing that the limits of Lou- 
isiana on that quarter are undefined. 

Towards the Pacific Ocean, we have no very 
correct data for forming an opinion as to the boun- 
dari(^s. The following view of the subject is the 
result of the best information that has been ob- 
tained. 

The Missouri and its waters are unquestionably 
part of the United States territory, in virtue of the 
purchase of Louisiana ; and it is presumed, that 
the title is equally unquestionahle as to the Ce- 
lumbia and its waters, to a line drawn due west 
fnmi the N. W. corner of the Lake of the Woods. 
This includes the Multnomah on the south, but 
leaves the question undetermined in the unexplored 
country between that river and the bay of St. Fran- 
cisco. From the latest accounts, it appears that 
the Spaniards have no settlements above that bay, 
and prohahly will have none, so that the country 
mny be considered virtually a part of the United 
States territory, provided they should consider it 
of importance to take possession and settle it. 



S6 

A settlement on the west coast would unques- 
tionably be a matter of vast importance to the 
United States ; and that question being intimately 
connected with the boundaries in this quarter, it is 
consideredamatter of some consequence to introduce 
a view of the most recent information regarding that 
country, procured in an authentic form, from Langs- 
dorff's voyages and travels already referred to. 

It is well known, that the Spanish government 
is extremely jealous of its foreign possessions, in 
conseqiience of which, it was under peculiar cir- 
cumstances that the Russian vessel was admitted. 
They had the good fortune, however, not only to 
be admitted into the harbour of St. Francisco, but 
to obtain a great deal of very minute and interest- 
ing information, the result of which will be best 
communicated by a few extracts. The entrance 
into the harbour is thus described by Mr. Langs- 
dorff : '^ We now steered directly tov/ards the har- 
*' bour, and had the pleasure of finding Vancou- 
" ver's charts and views so accurate, that they left 
^^ nothing to be wished for." They anchored a- 
breast of the fort, and afterwards discovered ano- 
ther fort, of which they give the following account : 
" A fort, concealed by a point of land, so as not to 
^'be visible from the anchoring place, an enemy's 
" ship attempting to run into the harbour, deeming 
" itself quite safe, by steering (»ut of the reach of 
•^^ the fort at the entrance, might be very much sur- 
^*^ prised, by being saluted with a discharge of artil- 
" lery at the moment when least expected. On the 
"contrary, a vessel keeping to (he northern shore, 
" and north-east part of this spacious bay, is secure 



S7 

^^ from all danger." He again remarks on this point 
" — *• In the neighhourhood, and north of the island 
"of Los Angeles, and Ponta de St. Antonio, anene- 
" my's ship may he perfectly secure against all at- 
^' tacks from the Spaniards. Directly east of the 
'^ St. Joseph, about seven leagues, is an arm ol a 
" great river, which first wind« Jowanis the north, 
'* and then taking a westerly direction, empties 
*^ itself into the iiorfh-east part of the hay of St. 
" Francisco. To the north and norfh-east, another 
" broad bay extends for several miles, over which 
" are scattered a number of islands. Into thi*. How 
'^ four or five large rivers, that come from the east. 
'* They are probably several mouths belonging to 
" one large river. The Spaniards have many 
" times followed the southern, or l<-fi bank of this 
'< river, on horseback, hut. for want of boats, have 
<* never been able to examine the 7'jght bank. Be- 
'* tween 80 and 90 leagues inland, the stream has 
*^ from -t to 5 fathoms water, an<I is so broad that 
*' a ball from a musket would scarcely reach the 
'* opposite shore." " From want of vessels and 
" boats in the harbour, the Spaniards are se|?a?'a^e(^ 
*^ entirely from the opposite shore of the bay, dis- 
*^ tint an lialian mile, (nearly 1^ English.) This 
" precludes their having any intercourse with the 
<"* more northerly tribes of Indians." 

From hence it appears that the Spaniards have 
no intention to extend their settlements beyond the 
bay and river St. Francisco, and the whole coun- 
try between that -nd the outlet of Columbia, pro- 
bably lies open to the enterprise of the citizen«< of 
of the United States. The river St, Francisco 

E 



38 

pFesents itself as a convenient houndary between 
the United States and S|ianish settlements, and it 
will probably afford a fine passage from the interior 
of the country to the Pacific Ocean. 

The face of the country in the United States, 
presents every variety. The north-eastern part on 
the coast is broken and hilly; and is remarkably 
indented with numerons bays and inlets. Towards 
the south and along the Gulf of Mexico, the land 
is level and sandy, interspersed with many swamps, 
and numerous islan<ls and inlets. At the outlets 
of many of the rivers, tl»ere is a large portion of 
alluvial land, which is particularly the case along 
the Mississippi. Beyond the head of tide waters, 
the;*e is a tolerably rich and agreeably uneven 
country, which extends to the mountains. The 
mountainous district, on the Atlantic side of the 
country, is jibout l;iO miles in breatjth, and 1200 
miles in length ; extending in large ridges from 
north-east to south-west. These ridges are gene- 
rally known by the name of the Allegany Moun- 
tains, and are of various elevationss, from :3000 to 
4000 feet. The highest point seems to be the 
White Hills in New Hampshire, which rises to the 
elevation of nearly yOOO feet. Beyond the moun- 
tains we have a view of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi and its tributary streams, presenting a body 
of the finest land in the world, and possessing great 
natural advantages. To the westward of this val- 
ley are the inountains of Louisiana, presenting fea- 
tures singularly hold and grand. The Rocky 
mountains, in particular, are very majestic; and 
the vast variety produced by the great mass of wa- 



S9 

ters forming the tributary streams of the Missouri 
aud Columbia, must rendt-r the scenery in that re- 
gion singularly interesting. Beyond these the prin- 
cipal feature is the great confluence of waters at 
the outlet of the Columbia river, and the bold shores 
of the Pacific Ocean. 

R»VEKS AND Lakes. The greater number of 
the rivers will be noticed in the statistical view of 
the several states and territories, to which they re- 
specfivelj belong ; but it will be more appropriate 
in this place to treat of the larger waters : because 
some of them form the boundaries between the 
United States and other countries ; and all of them 
are most important features to be noticed in describ- 
ing the face of the country. The rivers to be no- 
ticed here are the St. Lawrence and its waters; 
the Columbia and its waters ; the St. Francisco ; 
the Rio del JSTorte ; and the Missouri and Missis- 
sippi, and waters flowing into them. 

River St. Lawrence. The head waters of this 
grand river are situated round Lake Superior, as 
exhibited on the map, and that mtble expanse of 
water forms a great inland sea, 350 miles long and 
130 broad ; being probaidy the greatest body of 
fresh water on the globe. It is navigable through- 
out its whole extent, and the water being uncom- 
monly pure, it will be an object of great importance, 
when that part of the country is settled. 

From this lake the water issues into Lake Huron 
througli the straits of St. Mary. Lake Huron is, 
next to Lake Superior, the largest lake on the con- 
tinent, being 200 miles long by about 100 broad; 
but it is very irregular. Like Lake Superior, it 



m 

has purp water and 2;no<l navigatiou ; and is iniev- 
speisrd with many islands. To the west of this 
we enter thr«)na;h the straits of Michillimackinack 
into Lake Michiji;an, also a great expanse of water 
330 miles lon^ and 00 hroad. This lake is wholly 
in the United States, and having a fine navigation, 
will become an object of the greatest importance. 
It m;»,y be remarked in this place, that the soniherii 
extremity of this lake has not been correctly as- 
certained, although it is of great importance that it 
should be so, because the northern boundary of the 
state of Ohio is to be iletermined by a line to be 
drawn from this point to Lake Erie. The view on 
the map. being the result of all the knowledge ex- 
tant upon the subject, is probably not far from the 
truth. The act of congress for erecting the Indiana 
Territory into a state, extends the northern bound- 
ary upon the lake 10 miles, so as to give the inha- 
bitants a port of entry. — Fort Chicago is situated on 
the south-west side of the lake, and the interesting 
fort of Michillimackinack is in the straits of that 
name, between this lake and Lake Huron. 

Returning to Lake Huron, we see the river is. 
suing from it, by the straits of that name, about 40 
miles long, when it again expands itself into a pretty 
lake called Lake St. Clair. This sheet of water is 
about <25 miles long and 20 broad, and receives from 
the Canada side the river Thames. 

The river issues from this lake into Lake Erie 
through the straits of Detroit ; a very important 
and beautiful passage of about 30 miles long, which 
^ill lierome the seat of great settlements. Detroit 
is elegantly situated on the west bank, about 6 



31 

miles below Lake St. Clair; and Maiden, or Am=^ 
h«'r-tberg, is situated a little above its entraace into 
Lake Erie. 

Lake Erie is a beautiful sheet of water, about 
240 miles iong and 60 broad. The water is pure, 
and not very deep, but the lake is navigable for 
large vessels. It receives the waters of many ri- 
vers, the most important of which is the Miami of 
the lakes, at the west end ; near the outlet of which 
are a great number of islands, some of them of con- 
siderahle extent and importance. 

At the east end of this lake, beautifully situated, 
stands Buffalo, on the one side, and Fort Erie on 
the other; and between them the water issues from 
tlie lake as clear as crystal, and by a rapid course 
runs towards lake Ontario, tlirou,:;h the passage 
called the Niagara river. About five miles helow 
lake Erie, the stream is divided hy a very interest- 
ing island, called Grand Island, helow which is 
Navy Island, where the river expands to a consi- 
derahle brea<l(h, immediately above the falls of 
Niagara. This is probably the greatest cata- 
ract in the world, and well worth the attention of 
the curious. Below the falls, the river runs with 
a very rapid course for nine miles, thr«MJgh a deep 
chasm. The land on each side falls to a little 
above the level of the river at Queenstown and 
Leuisiowu. From this point it is navigable to 
lake Ontario, distant 7 miles. 

Lake Ontario is about 180 miles long and 40 
br.tad, and receives a considerable number of 
streams ; the chief of which are the Genessee river. 



Senpca river, and Black river, on the side of the 
United Slates; and the river Trent from Canadji. 

The river issues from lake Ontario through a 
great nuraher of islands, situated between Kin,2;stoa 
and Sackett's Harbour. It now assumes the name 
of St. Lawrence, though it is fjeqiientl^v known, 
from the lake to M«mtreal, by the name of Cada- 
raqui. In its progress it expands into a conside- 
rable lake called St. Francis, and reaches Uie im- 
portant British settlemnnt of Montreal, where it 
receives the Utawas, or Grand river, which forms 
the bonndary between the two Canadas. — Below 
]V1ontreal, it receives the Richelieu, or Sorel river, 
fnmi lake Champlain, and successively the St. 
Francis, St. Maurice, and Chaudiere. A short 
distance below the last mentioned river stands the 
important city of Quebec, below which the river is 
divided into two branches, by the island of Orleans. 
Beyond this island it 2;radually expands into the 
spacious bay and gulf of St. Lawrence, from 
whence there is a communication to the ocean by 
the straits of Belleisle, and what is called the 
South Entrance. 

Columbia River is supposed to take its rise about 
300 miles to the north-east of where it first makes 
its appearance on the map, where it interlocks with 
the head waters of the Unjigah, or Peace river. 
M'Kenzie, the enterprising British traveller, first 
discoverd it in north latitude 54° 40' — west longi- 
tude from London 120° 2d', fnnn which point he 
descended it about 130 miles, when, leaving it. he 
crossed over to the ocean, by the route describ- 



33 

ed on the map. From the point where M'Kenzie 
left it, the course is unknown, ontil we appr«)aeh 
Clark's river, where it is a stream of great magni- 
tude. The whole of the interesting waters forming 
Clark's river can be distinctly traced on the map; 
and they are a powerful auxiliary to the Columbia. 
Al»out 70 miles below Clark's river, after reeeivaig 
some tributary streams, the Columbia forms a junc- 
tion with Levvis's river, a stream composed of nu- 
mercjus branches, rising in the Rocky mountains, 
where, like Clark's river, they interlock with the 
head waters of the Missouri. Below Lewis's river, 
the Columbia makes a bend to the south and east, 
and then passes through the mountains ; and about 
300 miles below are the great falls. About 20 
miles below the falls, the river makes a consider- 
able bend, and passes through another chain of 
mountains ; below which, about (50 miles, it receives 
from the south east the large and important river 
called the Multnomah. 

The Multnomah is supposed to rise near the 
head waters of the Rio del Norte, and is laid down 
on the map according to the best information we 
have been able to |)ro(*ure. Viewing it in its con- 
nexion with the head waters of the Missouri, the 
La Platte, the Arkansas, and the Rio del Norte, 
it deserves particular notice, as it will probably 
be, at no very distant periiid, the route of an over- 
land communication, through the interior of Loui- 
siana, to the settlements at the mouth of Columbia 
river. 

From the Multnomah to the ocean is about 90 
miles, and it is tide water all the way : the land be- 



34< 

ing Kood, with many spttlempnts of Indians. The 
wat^r* of the Columbia are clear, and ahound with 
fisli of every variety. 

St. Francisco Bay and River, was noticed in 
discussing the article of the boundar> lines, page 
26 ; J'Ut it may be mentioned in this place, that 
when this part of the map was constructed, the sup- 
position that there was a large river flowing to the 
westN\ard, through the interior of the coutitrjy into the 
bay of St. Franciseo, arose from inference only, 
liangsdorft'^s account of it already quoted proves in- 
contestibly the existence of such a river, and that it is 
a very large stream 270 miles in the interior of the 
country. There is little doubt, therefore, but that 
the Rio Buenaventura, and its waters, which 
interlock with the waters of the Rio del Norte, 
and La Platte, form a part of it. Should this be 
the case, it may, in process of time, form an ad- 
mirable communication with the settlements on the 
west coast of America. 

Rio del JSTorte. This river rises among the moun- 
tains between north latitude 41° and 42°, and v^est 
longitude 33° and 34°. Its head waters interlock 
with thoseof the Missouri, Columbia, La Platte, Ar- 
kansas, \lultnomah, and Francisco ; and the waters 
of the Rio Colorado of the west, which falls into 
the gulf of California, a|)proach near it. After- 
tracing it in its progress about 300 miles, we reach 
that point where Pike and his party first encamped 
on it, and for all this distance it is presumed to be 
the south-west boundary of Louisiana. About 100 
miles below this is Santa Fe, one of the most inter- 
esting of the Spanish settlements. Below Santa 



35 

Fe the river runs about 450 miles in a direction 
east of south, without receiving any material aug- 
mentation, when the Rio Conciios falls inlo it from 
the south-west. Below this it makes a remarkahle 
bend of aiiout 100 miles, and receives the Rio Pu- 
erco from the north. It may be remarked here, 
that all the Louisiana rivers south of the La Platte^ 
m?»ke a bend somewhat similar to the one just no- 
tieed in th s river; a circumstance owing no doubt 
to the configuration of the surfaee of the earth in this 
quarter. At the river Puereo, the Rio clel Norte 
again becnme«thesouth west boundary of Louisiana. 
Below this it runs an east course of between 50 aud 
60 miles, when it receives a considerable stream 
from the north, which is not named on the maps; 
and from hence, without receiving any material aug- 
mentation, it holds a course nearly south-east, about 
400 miles, to the Gulf of Mexico. 

Having discussed the rivers forming the out-skirts, 
as it were, of the United Slates territory, we shall 
now lake a view of the Missouri and Mississippi, 
with their numerous branches which water the in- 
terior. 

On tracing the Missouri to its highest source, 
we find it on Jefferson's river, a little above the 
44th degree of latitude, and near the 35th degree of 
west longitude, where Lewis and Clark's canoes 
stopped, 31500 miles from the Mississippi. Tracing 
the river downward from this point, we successively 
arrive at Philanthropy river. Wisdom river, Philo- 
Sophy river, Madison's river, Gallatin's river, Ord- 
way river, Dearborn's river, and Smith's river, and 
then reach the falls of the Missouri. Here the river, 

F 



36 

Tails 110 less than 365 feet in the course of 18 mileS;, 
the falls being partly perpeudiriilar pitches, and part- 
ly rapids. The highest pitch is 87 feet, the next47j 
aud the next 26. Leaving the falls, we arrive at 
Portage river, Snow river, Maria's river, Stone- 
Wull creek, Slaughter river, Big Horn river, Ju- 
dith river. Turtle creek, Windsor creek, North 
Mountain creek, and passing others of less note, 
Braltou's creek, Milk creek, Porcupine creek, 
and Martha's creek, and then arrive at the Yel- 
low Stone river, flowing in from the south-west. 
— The Yellow Stone is a very large river, tliQ 
main branch of which rises in Lake Eustus, and 
after receiving numerous tributary streams, the Big 
Horn, a river nearly equal to it in size, which rises 
in Lake Riddle, falls in from the southward ; and 
the streams thus united, and further augmented by 
others of considerable importance, particularly the 
Tons^ue river, form a confluence with the Missouri, 
as before describe<l, in north latitude 48"", west 
longitude S7°. A little beyond this, the Missouri 
reaches its northern extremity, which is in north 
latitude 48° 22', where it receives the White-E:*rth 
river; [)assing which we arrive at the remarkable 
spot where the head waters of the Moose river ap. 
pr(»ach within one mile of the main stream of the 
Missouri. Below this the river is augmented by the 
Little Missotiri, and after passing the Knife river, 
we arrive at fm*t Mandan, and the wintering place 
of Lewis and Clark in 1804 and 1805. Between 
43° and 44°, we perceive the great bend in the 
river, a most singular curiosity. Below it. the river 
receives a number of pretty I rge streams, hefure 
we reach the La Platte, a little above north latitude 



37 

41°. The La Platte is a very large stream, whirli 
extends through several ridges of the Rocky niitun- 
tains, having its head waters higlier than either 
the Arkansas or Rio del Norte; and has hceii re- 
cently rendered meniorahle as being the rtuite 
through which Mr. Stewart and the Astoria settlers 
reached the Missouri, after being driven from their 
settlement at the mouth of the Columbia river, by 
the savages of the Wakash nation. 

Passing the La Platte, the river receives a num- 
ber of tributary streams before it reaches the Kan- 
ses, a large river, which falls in from the west, a 
little above the 89th degree of north latitude. 
Below this it receives some pretty important streams 
from the north, when we reach the settlement of the 
Celebrated Daniel Boone, Esq. so well known for 
his courage and enterprise in penetrating into the 
western parts of the continent. Below this the 
beautiful Osage river falls in from the south-west. 
It was this river that Pike and his party ascended 
to the Osage village, and thence continued his ad- 
venturous journey through Louisiana and the Spa- 
nish internal provinces. Below this river, about 
120 miles, the Missouri forms a junction with the 
Mississippi, above St. Louis ; from whence the 
united streams flow with majestic rapidity to the 
ocean. Before following it thithec, we will now 
take a view of the jMis^^issippi. 

This river rises in Turtle Lake, north latitude 
4^7° 47' and after receivinsj; a nunilier of tributary 
streams, reaches the falls of St. Anthony in north 
latitude 44°. These falls are 16 feet perpendicular, 
with a rapid below of 58 feet. Immediately below 
the falls, Sto Peter's river forms a junction with 



tlie Mississippi from the west, and a little below 
St. Croix river falls in from the east. About 19 
miles below this, the river spreads out into a 
beautiful sheet of water called Lnke Pepin ; at the 
lower end of which it receives the waters of the 
Chippeway river. 

About 90 miles below the Chippeway river, the 
Ouisconsin falls in from the eastward. This river is 
remarkable, as it approaches within one mile and 
three qu rterw of the Fox river, which falls into 
Lake Michi^san. At the mouth of the Ouisconsin 
river, is Prairie du Chien, where the United States 
have lately formed a military establishment, which 
will no douht be of great importance to the settle- 
ments of this part of the country. 

After pa»*sing the Ouisconsin river, the Missis- 
sippi n»akes a consirlerable bend to the eastward, 
at the extremity of which it meets the northern 
bounrlary of ihe Illinois territory, and then rece- 
dins; westward about 30 miles, receives the waters 
of Stony river. Al>out 80 or 90 miles below this, 
the Riviere cles Moines falls in from the westward ; 
theie is no other river of great note till we reach 
the Illinois, which falls in from the eastward a 
little above the junction of the Mississippi with the 
Missouri. 

The Illinois is a large river, of which the head 
waters interlock so closely with those falling into 
liake Michigan, that it is said canoes have some, 
times, in the »vet season, passed from the one to the 
other. It forms a most important feature in the 
territory to which it gives name; and, at no distant 
period, there will be extensive and elegant settle, 
meats on its banks. 



39 

Leaving the Illinois, we descend about IS miles, 
and arrive at the confluence of the Missis^sippi and. 
Missouri, where we shall stop to take a view of the 
very important situation around it; previous to 
which we ir.aj just glance at the relative importance 
of these great rivers. 

It was a piece of great geographical injustice 
to place the Mississippi before the Missouri, in 
point of importance ; but the case is not singular. 

When we view the two rivers on the map, we 
see at a glance, that the Missouri is the main 
STREAM, and that the Mississippi is only a tributary 
branch, equalled in importance hy some, and sur- 
passed by others, flowing into it. 

To illustrate this more completely, we may intro- 
duce a view of the measurement of some of these 
rivrrs. As it is only a comparative view, it is 
given without regard to their bends. 



Length of the 


Missouri, 






lero Miles. 


— 


Arkansas, 






1100 


— 


Red River, 






1000 


— 


La Piatte, 






760 


— 


Mississippi, 






730 


— 


Ohio, 






700 


— 


Kanses, 






610 


— 


Tennessee, 






550 


— 


Yellow-stone, 






500 


— 


White River, 






400 


— 


Wachitta, 






400 


— 


•Osa^e River, 






360 


— 


Cumberland, 






300 



So that the Missouri, in point of mere length, is 
douMe the size of the Mississippi, and receives, he. 
fore the junction with that river, the waters of a great 



m»ny tributary sf reams, one of whidi, tlie La Platte, 
is Jtctually loiuijer than the Missi'-sippi. The Ark- 
ansjts and Red rivers are both much longer than 
the Mi«»sissippi ; and the Ohio, making aHowance 
for its great bends, is also longer: and, <aken in 
connexion with the Cumberland and Tennessee, is 
a river of much greater importance. What then 
must be the aggregate effect of the whole of these 
"Waters? It is mighty beyond conception to those 
who have not beheld it. 

From what has been remarked, on these rivers, 
taken in connexion with other circumstances, we 
m«y dr?iw an inference as to the great importance 
of St. Louis, and the adjacent country. When 
we view the central siuation ; the great confluence 
of the waters ; the extent of the prairies ; the salu- 
brity of the climate; and the advantages that will 
result from the mines in its neighbdurhood ; the 
mind instinctively looks forward to this place as 
one of the first consequence in the United States; 
prubaMy as the future capital of the greatest coun- 
try that ever the wotld saw. 

Leaving St. Louis, we pass along the Missis- 
sippi about 80 miles to Kaskaskia, where the Kas- 
kaskia river, a considerable stream from the east- 
ward, fails in ; and below this about 90 miles, the 
elegant Ohio river, augmented by its numerous 
branches, forms a junction with the Mississijipi. 
Here again tlie mind is arrested by the view of this 
great confluence of waters ; but it is to be observed, 
that the ground in the neighbourhood is low, and 
liable to be inundated by the great periodical swell 
of these rivers. 

About 350 miles below the Ohio, the White 



41 

river falls in from the westward, and this is repre- 
sented as a most beautiful stream. Its sources and 
meanders can be traced upon the map ; but it may 
bf wortliy of notice, in this place, to state, on the 
authority of Mr. Biingier, before referred to, that 
in the upper part of it, through Devallier's Grant, 
and to the eastward, it runs for 300 miles throu^^h 
beds of marhle, of all the variea;ated colours ia 
nature ; and the adjacent country is indescribably 
beautiful. 

Fourteen miles below the White river, the Ark- 
ansas falls in from the westward. This is a very 
large and important river, having its sources in the 
mountains above Sante Fe. In exploring the 
country, Pike reached its banks about the longi- 
tude of 23° west, and ascended to its highest sources; 
while Lieutenant Wilkinson descended to the Mis- 
sissippi. The river, as exhibited on this map, is 
more correct than any view of it heretofore given; 
and from thence its relative importance will at once 
be seen. 

Below the Arkansas river, 190 miles, the Yazoo 
river falls in from the eastward, and the lands, 
which formed the subject of the Yazoo speculation., 
are pointed out on the map. The Big Black river 
also Hows through these lan<ls, and falls into the 
Mississippi, 63 miles by water, though only 30 in 
a direct line by land, below the Yazoo. The river 
now flows through a most interesting country, 
which will become the seat of great and important 
settlemnnts, having Natches for a central point; 
and below it is Loftus Heights and Fort Adams. 

A few miles helow this, we pass the 31st degree 
of north latitude, wiiich forms the boundary be- 



4£ 

tweeir the States of Louisiana and Mi«isissippi ;^ 
after which the river makes a remarkahlp bend 
to the westward, and receives the waters of Red 
river. 

The Red river rises in the mountains, to the 
eastward of Santa Fe, between north latitude 37* 
and 38°, and pursuing a jj;eneral south-east course, 
makes several remarkable bends, as exhibited oq 
the map ; but it receives no very considerable 
streams until it forms a junction with the Wachitta, 
and its great mass of waters, a few miles before it 
reaches the Mississippi. 

The junction of this river with the Mississippi is 
very singular. Tt would appear thai they had lieea 
originally separate and distinct waters : thi- Mis- 
sissippi passing to the sea by New Orleans ; and 
the Red river throuhthe Atchnfalaya. But in one 
of these numerous bends which the Mississippi has 
formed, it appears to have broken into the bed of 
the Red river, they have formed a temporary 
junction — they again recede, and resume their ori- 
ginal course towards the great reservoir of waters 
— the ocean. 

As the river receives no streams of importance 
after passing the Atchafalaya, it may be consider- 
ed as having reached its maximum ; and we may 
view it in its progress from hence to the ocean, as 
being an average breadth of 800 yards ; the depth 
being about 120 feet, and the mean velocity about 
one mile per hour. So constituted, it runs on with 
majestic sway past St. Francisville, Baton-Rouge, 
Donaldsonville, Manchac, and, 250 miles below 
the Atchafalaya, reaches New Orleans, where it 
makes a considerable bend to the south and east. 



^3 

New Orleans is most admirably situaterl on 
the nurth bank of the Missi^^sip[>i ; and now is 
and will continue to be, the great depot for the ri- 
ver under review. 

The English Turn is a remarkable bend in the 
river, 16 miles below New Orleans, after passing 
which, we meet with nothing remarkable till we 
reach Fort 8t. Philip, or Placquemiues, distant 54 
miles. Nineteen miles below this, the river sepa- 
rates itself into three grand divisions, as repre- 
sented on the map, viz. the South-east, or Main 
Pass ; the South Pa'.s ; and the South-west Pass. 
Four miles below the forks, on the Main Pass, a 
a stream issues to the north-east, called Pass a la 
Loutre, and the Main Pass is divided into two 
parts at the outlet, the one called the North, and 
the other the South-east Pass. The South-west 
Pass is also divided into two parts at the outlet; 
the western one being called the West Pass. On 
all these passes there are bars at the outlet, with 
the water comparatively shallow\ The Main Pass 
has about 13 feet, the South-west Pass 12, the 
West Pass 9, and the South Pass 8. The course 
of the river can be traced a considerable way from 
the shore, when it is finally lost in the mass of wa- 
ters forming; the Gulf of Mexico. 

In Mr. Darby's valuable work on Louisiana, be- 
fore referred to, a calculation is made of the quan- 
tity of water discharged by the Mississippi ; whir h, 
being from more a( curate data than any heretofore 
made, we shall trnnscribe. 

In one foui lonj^i'adinal section of the river, it is 
estimated that there is 141,37^ cubic feet of water | 

G 



41 

and the mean velocity being one mile per hour ; and 
there being 5280 feet in a mile, of course the river 
will discharge 5280 times 141,373, or 7^'rt.^A-i,UiO 
cuhic ft et of water every honr. This being reduc- 
ced to gallons, makes 4,573,9^8.000, being up- 
wards of 7^ millions of gallons in a minute, and 
of 1270 thousand gallons in every second of time ! 

But as it is JJiflRrult for the mind to form a cor- 
rect estimate by figures, where the quantity is very 
great, we may use another mode. Suppose a 
trough one mile square and 60 feet deep, the quan- 
tity of water discharged by the Mississippi would 
fill it in an hour. Jn twenty four hours it would 
cover six miles square, or a township, to the depth 
of 60 feet ; and in one year it would cover, to 
the depth of 60 feet, a space larger than New 
Jersey ! 

Having now traversed this great river from its 
highest source to its outlet, we may take a survey 
of its magnitude and importance iu another point 
of view. 

The eastern extremity of the waters of this river 
is the head waters of the Jillegany, wiiich are si- 
tuated in Pennsylvania, about 190 miles north-west 
of Philadelphia. 

The western extremity is the head of waters of 
Jefferson's river, about 54:0 miles from the Pacific 
Ocean. 

The distance between these two extremities in a 
direct line, is about I7OO miles. 

The northen extremity is a branch of the Mis- 
souri, in the north latitude 50° 42' ; 550 miles west 
by north of the Lake of the Woods. 



The southern extremity is the South Pass into 
the Gulf of Mexico; north latitude 29°; 90 miles 
below New Orleans. 

The distance between these two extremities, in 
a direct linCy is 1680. miles. 

The river and its branches spread over nearly 
fifteen hundred thousand square miles, viz. : 

Missouri Territory, f, 1,060,000 



North-west Territory, ^, 


73,500 


Illinois Territory, the whole, 


50,000 


Indiana, ^|, 


32,300 


Ohio, |, 


31,200 


Pennsylvania, ^^ 


14,200 


New York, -j-^^, 


460 


Maryland, j^, 


110 


Virginia, f , 


25,600 


North Carolina, -jL, 


900 


South Carolina, ^j^^. 


190 


Georgia, yi^, 


580 


Kentucky, the whole, 


39,000 


Tennessee, the whole, 


40,000 


Mississippi, j^, 


29,660 


Louisiana, |, 


32,000 




1,429,700 



So that the Mississippi and its branches vrater 
considerably above S-3dsof the whole United States 
territory ; a great portion of it being unsettled, and 
probably the finest land in the world. 

Minerals. Of these there are a great variety and 
profusion. Iron, limestone, and freestone, abound 
throughout all the country. Coal is very abundant 
in the western country ; and is found in several 
districts in the Atlantic states. Lead abounds in 



the district near St. Louis, where the mines arc 
exceedingly valsiahle; and probably of §reat ex- 
tent. Copper mines exisi in several places throusjh- 
oui the country ; and it is believed that gold and 
silver exist in great profnsi(»n in Upper Louisiana. 
M.icble is a most abundant article, particularly in. 
Upper Louisiana, where it forms the bed of the 
W'ni'e river, already noticed, for 300 miles. The 
benefit derived from the marble quarries in the 
neighbourhood of Philadelphia, is well known, 
and tlie article is ahundant in many other places. 
Quicksilver, zinc, saltpetre, and sulphur, exist in 
considerable quantities. In Upper Louisiana, Mr. 
Bringier discovered vast quantities of antimony, 
which may hereafter be an article of .great value, 
and the whole western country abounds with salt 
springs.* 

* On this subject we will probably soon be supplied with 
much valuable information. Mr. VVm. Maclure, well known 
for his attachment to geological science, has recenllj returned 
from a tour to the western country ; and it is to be hoped the 
result of his researches will be publislted. In many counties 
of En>.^land, the surveys are as complete below the »rround 
as .ibove it ; and in some of them the mines are more valua- 
ble thjn the farms. That there is a hidden store of treasure 
of immense value within the United Slates territory, there is 
no doubt ; and a systematic plan for exploring the country, 
and bringing it into view, Avould probably be attended with 
the most beneficial result. 

Since the foregoing note was written, Mr. Maclure has 
prepaj ed a work of great value entitled " Observations on the 
Geology of tbe United States of America ; with some remarks 
on the effect produced on the nature and fertility of soils, by 
^he decomposition of the different classes of rocks ; and an 
application to the fertility of every state in the Union." — This 



Soil. The soil in such a great extent of country 
musr b»' very various. On the Atlantic coast, to 
the north and east, it is stony, and towards the 
south, sandy; l»ut in both cases it is interspersed 
with a great deal .of alluvial land. Towards the 
mountains the soil improves, and there are many 
situations extromely fertile. On the mountains the 
soil is lii;iit and thin, hui rich in the valleys. Be- 
yond the mottntains, in the valleys of the Ohio, 
Missis«iippi, and Missouri, there are vast tracts of 
land uncommonly rich and fertile. Towards the 
south-western parts of the Missouri Territory, the 
soil is li2;ht. thin, and sandy. The mountainous 
res^ion to the n«irth-west is pretty similar to the Al- 
le^;iny Mountains, but the hills are much more 
lofty, and the soil more variable. Beyond these 
mountains, there is much good soil all the way to 
the Pacific Ocean. 

Produce. The produce consists of every varie- 
ty in the worhl, wheat, maize (or Indian corn), 
oats, barley, and other grain; with apples, pears, 
cherries, peaches, grapes, plums, and other fruit: 
and a vast variety of vegetables are produced all 
over the rouulry. Lemons, oranges, and some tro- 
pical fruits are raised in Louisiana and some of the 
other southern countries. Hops, flax, and hemp, 
are very abundant. Tobacco is an article of ex- 
tensive cultivation in Virginia, Maryland, and 
other places. Cotton is a staple commodity in the 
southern states, indigo is produced in Louisiana, 

work is now published, and is one of the most valuable do- 
cuments extant in regard to the nature of the soil of the 
United Sidtes. 



48 

and sugar has become an article of extensive cuHi- 
ration in that country, and in some places along 
the Atlantic coast. 

The northern and eastern states, and the moun- 
tains in the interior, are fine (grazing countries, pro- 
ducing vast quantities of cattle and sheep, and but- 
ter and cheese in abundance. Sheep are multiply- 
ing very fast all over the country ; and the Merino 
breed having been introduced, thrive as well as 
they do in Spain. 

The horses for draught and for the saddle, are 
very abundant, and generally excellent; particu- 
larly in Pennsylvania. Other domestic animals 
are very plenty, as asses, goats, hogs, and dogs. 

Of tame fowl, there are turkeys, geese, ducks, 
common poultry, pigeons, peacocks, and guinea 
fowls. 

The wild animals are numerous. The mam- 
moth, the largest of all the ftmr-footed tribe, for- 
merly an inhabitant of this country, is now ex- 
tinct, though many specimens of its remains are to 
be found in the United States.* Among those in 
existence at present may be enumerated the bison, 
or wild ox, moose, deer, bear, wolf, fox, lynx, 
panther, weasel, ermine, martin, mink, otter, opos- 
sum, hare, squirrel, mouse, bat, rat, beaver, seal, 
&c. The game and wild fowl peculiar to the 
country are turkeys, pheasants, partridges, wood- 
cocks, snipes, wild swans, wild geese, wild ducks, 

* An entire skeleton of the mammoth, well worth the at- 
tention of the curious, is to be seen in Peale's museum, Phi- 
ladelphia. 



49 

piajeoiis, teal, plovers, widgeons, rail, &c. The 
other birds are eagles, liawks^ vultures, turkey- 
buzzards, starlings, blue birds, red birds, humming 
birds, &c.* 

Of fishes, there are the whale, dolphin, porpoise, 
grampus, skate, shark, sturgeon, cod, flounder, 
perch, whitina;, salmon, trout, roach, shad, drum, 
blark fish, and a great variety of olhers, with which 
the seas and interior lakes and rivers abound. 

There is such a profusion of natural timber all 
over the United States, that the bare enumeration 
the various kinds of trees would swell this work 
beyond the limits allotted for it; a few of the most 
useful kinds may be noticed : elm, cherry, locust, 
oak, beech, pine, cedar, cypress, willow, hickory, 
ash, walnut, chesnut, birch, maple, &c. 

Climate. In such an extensive country as this, 
the climate must he very various. In the north- 
east the winters are very cold and the summers hot, 
varying as you proceed to the southward. In the 
south-east, and along the Gulf of Mexico, the sum- 
mers are very hot, and the winters mild and plea- 
sant. Among the mountains it is cold towards the 
north, and temperate in the south. 

Beyond the mountains, in the valleys of the Ohio, 
Mississippi, and Missouri, the country enjoys ge- 
nerally a temperate and delightful climate, until 
we approach the Rocky Mountains, when it be- 
comes subject to great extremes, the winters being 

* A most defiant description of the birds of the United 
States, with representations coloured from the life, is to bo 
found in the Anr»erican Ornithology, by the late ingenious 
Alexander Wilson. 



56 

generally very cold; and many of the mountains 
constantly covered with snow. To the wesiward 
of these mountains there is a great change on the 
climate, until we reach the siiores of the Pacific, 
where it is pretty similar to the western parts of 
Europe. The prevailing winds are from the west- 
ward, and blowing over a great expanse of water, 
they fan and cool the air in summer, and in win'er, 
being loaded with vapour, they deluge the country 
with frequent rain. 

Settlement and Progress of Society. The first 
settlement of the United States took place in KilO, 
from which time they continued as British colonies 
until 1776? when they were declared to be L\de 
PENDENT States; at which period the stntes 
amounted to thirteen, containing about three rail- 
lions of inhabitants. Since that time they have in- 
creased in an astonishing desj;ree, and now anmunt 
to twenty states, and five territories, ccmiaining, 
by the census of 1810, 7.239.903 inhabitants. 
About 253,400 may be added as the annual in- 
crease since. 

The progress of agriculture, manufactures, and 
the mechanic arts, is even more remarkable than 
that of the population. At the period of the revo- 
lution, the settlements were almost wholly confined 
to the eastward of the mountains, and principally 
along the sea board, depending on Britain for ma- 
nufactures, atid many of the necessaries of life. 
The settlements now extend across the Mississip- 
pi, the interior being studded with towns, villages^, 
and farm houses ; and abounding with saw and 
grist mills, fulling mills^ carding and roving ma- 



51 

ehires. paper mills, cotton mills, iron foundenes 
and forties, tan works and glass works, in such 
profusion, and increasing so rapidly, that the in- 
ternal manuf ictures will soon be equal, not (uilv to 
a supply of the demand at home, but it i*^ probable 
that vast quantities of cotton yarn and cloth, and of 
hemp manufactures, will be exported. The es- 
timated amount of munuf -ctures in 1810, was 
120,000,000 dollars. The increase since that time 
has been so great, that they may he now estimated 
at upwards. of 200,000,000. The United States 
has heretofore exported flour, aslies, cotton, timber, 
fish, tar. turpentine, &c. In 1812, the amount was 
4ii, 294,013 dollars. They have imported dry 
goods, gntceries, tea, coffee, sugar, wine, brandy, 
&c. In 1812, the amount of the imports was 
nearly equal to the exports. The state of com- 
merce is rapidly changing from external to inter- 
nal trade, and this change will unquestionably go 
on till the establishment of internal manufactures 
become general. 

Government and Laws. The government of the 
United States is a federal republic. Each state has 
a constitution for the management of its internal 
affairs ; and they are all formed into one bond of 
union by the Federal Constitution. By it the 
legislative power is vested in a congress of dele- 
gates from the several slates, divided into two dis- 
tinct bodies, styled the Senate and House of Re- 
jjresentatives. The members of the house of re- 
presentatives are elected every two years by the 
people, and the senators are elected every six 
years by the state legislatures. The executive 

H 



power is vested in a President^ chosen every 
four years, hy a number of deles>;ate.s in each 
state, appointed in such number as the stale let^is- 
latures niay direct, and equal to the number of 
inemb«M"s uhuh they respectively send to both 
branches of tongress. 

Freedom of speech, and of the press, is for ever 
guaranteed by the constitution. 

All the inhabitants are equal in the eye of the 
law. They must all bear arms, or pay an equiva- 
lent, and all are equally interested in the defence 
of the country. 

Trial by jury is to be preserved inviolate. 

A republiran form of government is guaranteed 
to all the states, and hereditary titles and distinc- 
tions prohibited. 

Meli^ion. No law shall ever be passed to esta- 
blish any particular ft>rm of religion, or to prevent 
the free exercise of religion ; and no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualitication to any 
office of public trust under the United States. 

Education^ and the improvement of the mind, 
are generally well attended to, throughout the 
United States. 

The several states and territories are exhibited 
on the map ; and the following lal)le shows the 
area, extent, population, cliief towns, and other 
essential particulars. 



53 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



States and Ten itories. 



JSlaiiie } 

Massacliusetts 3 
New Hampshire 
Vermont 
. Rhode Island 
Connecticut 
New York - 
New Jersey 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 
Mar)"land - 
Virginia 
Ohio - 
Kentucky - 
Tennessee - 
North CaroUna - 
South Carolina 
Georgia 
Louisiana 
Indiana 
Mississippi • 
District of Columbia 
Alabama Territory 
Illinois Territory 
Michigan Territory 
No.'th-west Territory 
Missoui-i Territory 



Vle.liuai. 1 


ro) 


^^ 


y--'jg 


s^ 


J^ 


cQa 


'215 


162 


70 


140 


160 


70 


152 


60 


48 


42 


50 


80 


198 


256 


i 3.8 


50 


15.3 


973 


90 


25 


108 


198 


220 


370 


204 


'ilO 


1.'38 


300 


102 


420 


120 


345 


162 


216 


300 


240 


240 


210 


240 


l."!8 


317 


150 


10 


10 


317 


174 


306 


210 


234 


138 


360 


456 


1380 


1680 



Area 
Square 

Miles. 



31.750 

8,5(X) 

8,500 

8,700 

1,500 

4,000 

46,000 

6,000 

42,500 

1 ,700 

10,800 

64,000 

39,000 

39,000 

40,000 

45,000 

28 700 

58.000 

48,000 

34,000] 

43,000! 

100 

46,000 

50,000 

27 .000 

147,000 

,580,000 



Popula- 
tion last 
Census. 



228.705 

472,040 

214,460 

217,895 

76,931 

261,942 

959 0411 

245.562 

810,091 

72,674 

380,546 

974,622 

2.i0,760 

406,511 

261,727 

555,500 

415,115 

252,43: 

76,556 

68,780 

65,979 

24,0 

29,68.5 

12,28 

4,762 



Seat of 
Government. 



Portland } 

Boston 3 

Concord 

.Moiit|>elier - 

Providence - 

Hartford 

Albany 

Trenton 

liarrisburg - 

Dover 

.\niiapolis 

Richmond 

Columbus 

Frankfort 

Nashville 

Raleigh 

Columbia 

Mille.lgeville 

Mew Orleans 

Corydon 

Washi:igton 

W.^SHJNGTON 

Kort Stoddart 

Kaskaskia 

Detroit 



20,84., St Louis 



Additional population of Indiana, 
Mississippi, and Alabama, 



2,459,350ir,2.)9 903 
70,090 



Each State sends two Senators 



20 

6 
G 



6 
23 

9 
23 
6 
10 
6 
13 
9 
G 
1 
1 
1 







184 



40 



Total legislature 224 

Note. — New York, by a Census in 1815, contained 
1,030,000 inhahitctnts. The probability is, that the United 
Sta es. in 1818, contains ubont 9.250,000 inhabitants, and that 
the next Census will give nearly 10,000,000. 



View of the Land Laws of the United States* 



Having now taken a genfral view of the United 
States territory ; which, being perused in connexion 
Avith the map, will, it is hoped, enable the reader 
to form a correct opinion as to the extent and im- 
portance of the country; we shall close this article 
bv a view of the Pnbli.* Lands of the United Slates? 
and of the plan that has been devised for the dis- 
posal of them. 

The Public Lands of the United States origi- 
nally consisted, with some exceptions to be noticed 
hereafter, of the whole of the countrj' north and 
west of the Ohio, to the Mississippi ; and of a con- 
siderable portion south of Tennessee and west of 
Georgia, to that river. These countries are now 
subdivided into states and territories, as exhibited 
on the map, and consist of the states of Ohio and 
Indiana ; and the Michigan, Illinois, North-west, 
and Miss ssippi temi.>ries. 

The purchase of Louisiana has added an amaz- 
ing extent of territory to the general fnnd. 

To enable the reader the more easily to trace the 
subject, we shall lake a short \ iew of the pre",* nt 
statt of the public lands, in the several states and 
territories. It is a matter of great public interest, 
noi only to the present citizens (»f the Ursited Stales, 
but to the world at large, for all thn inhabitants of 
the world may avail themselves of whatevf r ad- 
vantages may result from it. By the benevolent 
policy of the United States, the right hand of fel- 



59 

lowship is held out to all mankind. — Whoever 
arrives in the country for permanent settlement, can 
become a citizen within five^ears after his arrival, 
and be entitled to partake in all the blessings that 
this chfvsen country and its excellent institutions 
can afford.* 

In the State of Ohio^ the United States hold the 
whole of the unsold lands, with (he exception of 
the Connecticut Reservation, on Like Erie ; the 
Virginia Military Lands, between the Scioto and 
Little Miami, and the J\'orth-west Section, where 
the Indian title is not yet extinguished, and of 
which the United States hold the pre-emption 
right. f 

In Indiana, the United States hold all the un- 
sold lands below the Indian boundary line, exhibit- 
ed on the map; and they hold the pre-emption 
right of all above it. 

In the Illinois Territory, they hold all the un- 
sold lands beyond the Indian boundaries, as exhi- 
bited on (he map; and the pre-emption right of the 
remainder. 

In the Michigan Territory, they hold all the un- 
sold lands within the Indian^ftoundary line, mark- 
ed on the map ; and the pre-emption right of the 
remainder. 

In the JVorth- West Territory, (hey hold all the 
unsold lands ceded by the Sac and Fox Indians ; 
and the pre-emption right of the remainder. 

* See the steps necessary to be taken to become a citizen 
at the close of this article. 

t The pre-emptii)n right is the exclusive right to pur- 
chase from the Indians. 



56 

In the State of Mississippi and Alabama Terri- 
tory^ thej' hold all tlip lands within the Indian 
boundary line in the south, and a considerable por- 
tion in the northern part ; and they hold the pre- 
emption rii^ht to ail the remainder. 

In the State of Louisiana, they hold a very con- 
siderable portion of hwuU ; and in the Missouri 
territory they hold the whole of the unsold lands, 
with the exception of those grants made hy the 
Court of Spain, before they obtained the sovereignty. 
These are marked on the map, so far a« informa- 
tion has been obtained, and consist of Devallier's 
Grant, Bastrop's Claim, Maisonrouge's Grant, and 
Bringier's Grant. 

It may be remarked here, that the Court of Spain 
never recognised the Indian claims to any part of 
the country, and in truth this decision seems to be 
dictated, at least in part, by justice and sound 
policy. The Indians are certainly entitled to their 
fa;r pr portion of the country, according to their 
numbers; but let it be remem!>ered, that *' the earth 
is the Lord's and the fulness thereof,'' and that it 
is the duty of man to " subdue it," and to *^ be 
fruitful and multipl^Jand replenish it." From the 
policy heretofore pursued by the United States, we 
may be very certain that the Indian rights will be 
duly regarded ; but it certainly never was intended 
by Providence, that two or three hundred' men 
should claim and hold waste a space capable of 
supporting millions. The right which a man has to 
appropriate any portion of the earth to his exclu- 
sive use, arises entirely from his having expended 
labour in its improvement. As population and 



67 

power overspread the land, the Indians must of 
neressitj betake themselves to agriculture and vir- 
tuous industry. It is tiie interest of both the vviiite 
and red children that it should be so, and this doc- 
trine cannot be too frequently or too strongly en- 
forced. 

In estimating the resources of the country in 
1808. with a view to the execution of a plan for its 
internal improvement, it was stated in the report of 
the then secretary of the treasury, that, '^ Exclu- 
sively of Louisiana, the general government pos- 
sessed in trust for the people of the United States, 
about 100 millions of acres fit for culiivation, north 
of the river Ohio, and near 50 millions south of Uie 
state of Tennessee." Although considerable sales 
have been made since that time, yet there has also 
been considerable acquisitions by purchase from 
the Indians, so that the aggregate quaniity is not 
diminished. There is at le.tat one hundred and 
fifty millions of acres of excellent land belonging 
to the public, east of the Mississippi ; and, with- 
out carrying our speculations far forward, we may 
reckon that as much more will soon be surveyed, 
and ready for sale and settlement, beyond the Mis- 
sissippi. Here then, to say nothing of the more 
remote part of the country — here is three hundred 
millions of acres of laud, fit for cultivation, the 
property of the government, in trust for the people 
of the United States ; iii one of the finest climates 
— watered by the noblest rivers, and possessing 
natural advantages second to no country in the 
world. 



38 

In animadverting on this subject, the secretary of 
the treasury, in his report bi^tore quoted, states, 
" For the dif^posifion of these lands, a plan has 
" been adopted, calculated to enable every indus- 
<' trious citizen to become a freeholder^ to secure 
" indisputable titles to the purchasers^ to obtain a 
'' national revenue, and above all to supprkss 
" MONOPOLY." The plan is this : Before the lands 
are «old, they are all surveyed, and subdivided 
inti townships ^n(] sections. Each township is six 
miles square, and it is sul)divi<led into sections of 
one mile square. Each secti«m therefore contains 
6i() acres ; and a township being 36 square miles, 
coti tains 28.04-0 acres. The sections are numbered 
from 1 to o6 ; and number l6 being near the centre, 
is uniformly destined for the support of a school, 
for the nsp of the toAvnship ; and the three adjacent 
sections are rt^served for the use of the United 
St ifes, to be sold at a future period, as congress 
may determine.* 

A convenient number of townships, between two 
parallel lines, running north and south, is called a 
rarge, and a convenient number of ranges is erected 
info a district, where an office, called a '' Land 
Office," is situated for the disposal of the public 
lands in the district. 

In this office are deposited the surveys of the 
lands, together with the field notes, which desig- 
nate their quality, &c. and these are open to the in- 

* A complete examplifiration of this plan may be seen in 
Hough and Bo irnes' very excellent map of Ohio, published 
by the author of this work. 



59 

spection of the public. The smallest quantity tliat 
can be sold in these offices is a quarter of a section, 
160 acres ; and the price is limited to two dollars 
per acre, payable one-fourth in cash ; and the re- 
mainder by instalments in the course of four years. 

If the whole is paid in cash, the price is one dol- 
lar sixty-four cents per acre. 

These land offices are distributed as follows; viz. : 
In Ohio, at Wooster, Steubenville, Marietta, Zanes- 
ville, Chillicothe, and Cincinnati. In Indiana, at 
Jeffersonville and Vincennes. In the Michigan 
Territory, at Detroit. In the Illinois Territory, at 
Shawnee Town, Kaskaskias, and Edwardsville. 
In the Missouri Territory, at St. Louis. In Loui- 
siana, at JSTew Orleans and Opelousas. In the new 
State of Mississippi, at Washington, near Natches; 
and in the Alabama Territory, at St. Stephens, 
east of Pearl river, and Huntsville, Madison 
county. 

Each office is under the direction of a Register, 
and the payments are made to another officer, en- 
titled the Receiver ; the whole is under the direc- 
tion of the Surveyor General, who makes periodi- 
cal returns to the Commissioner of the Land Office, 
at Washington. 

In the land office at Washington, all the surveys 
and records of the public lands are deposited — all 
titles are issued from thence, and are signed by the 
President of the United States. 

Such is the system! — Now mark its effects. — 
Every industrious citizen of the United States has 
the power to become a freeholder, on paying the 
small sum of eighty dollars, being the first instal- 

I 



60 

ment on the purchase of a quarter of a section of 
land ; and though he should not have another shil- 
ling in the world, he can easily clear as much from 
the land, as will pay the remaining instalments 
before they become due. This is merely taking the 
result of the system on the smallest scale for illus- 
tration. A farmer with an industrious family may 
become the proprietor of a whole section^ or more ; 
and the land heins; purely his own, there is no set- 
ting limits to his prosperity. No proud tyrant can 
lord it over him. — He has no rent to pay — no 
game laws — nor timber laws — nor fishing laws to 
dread. He has no taxes to pay, except his equal 
share for the support of the civil government of the 
country, which is but a trifle. — He has no excise 
laws to oppress and harass him. — He can neither 
be gauged nor supervised. — He has no poor rates 
to pay ; for he dwells in a country where govern- 
ment interposes not its greedy hand, to snatch the 
cup of industry from the lips of the feeble. — He 
has no tithes to pay, for there are no hireling priests 
in the community of which he is a member. 

Such are the blessings enjoyed fiy the American 
farmer. It might look invidious to compare it with 
the same class of society elsewhere. — It is sufficient 
to say, that here this class, — one of the most valua- 
ble in every community, — are prosperous and 
happy — and from a view of the whole subject, we 
are inelined to believe, that this is secured for ag(s 
to come. May the Almighty Father of the liuman 
race, pour down his choicest blessings upon the 
heads of those who planned, and carried into effect, 
such a benevolent system. 



61 



Steps necessary to be taken to become a Citizen of 
the United States. 

As many persons have been disappointed in their 
expeetaiions of becoming citizens, at the time they 
wished, it may not be improper in this place to give 
an abstract of the law upon the sjiubject. The act 
was passed on the 14th April, 1802, and will be 
found at large in Vol. 6, p. 74', of the Laws of the 
United States ; or Graydon's Abridgment, Vol. 1, 
p. 309, under the head Naturalization. ' 

The first step necessary to be taken in virtue of 
this act, is to make a registry of the intention to 
become a citizen, and obtain a certificate thereof. 
This can be done in the District Court, where the 
person arrives, and the Clerk of the Court is en- 
titled to charge fifty cents for the Register, and 
fifty cents more for the Certificate. 

This preliminary step is absolutely necessary, 
for it is expressly declared, that " such certificate 
shall be exhibited to the court by every alien who 
may arrive in the United States, after the passing 
of this act, on his application to be naturalized, as 
evidence of the time of his arrival in the United, 
States.'"^ As it is obvious from hence, that in terms 
of this, no person can be admitted a citizen sooner 
than five years after making this report, those who 
wish to avail themselves of the inestimable privi- 
lege of becoming a citizen of the United States, 
should not delay the report a single day. 

The next step necessary, is to make oath or 
affirmation, that it is bona fide the intention to be^ 



6S 

come a citizen of the United States, and to renounce 
allegiance to every foreign power. This oath or 
affirmation can be made before the supreme, supe- 
rior, district, or circuit court, of some one of the 
states, or the territorial districts of the United 
States ; or a circuit or district court of the United 
States ; and must be done three years at least be- 
fore the person can be admitted. The best plan 
is, for the person making application, to make the 
oath or affirmation at the same time that he makes 
the declaration of his intention; and in this way no 
time will be lost. 

The foregoing steps being taken, the person is 
entitled, at the end of jive years from the date of 
the registry of his intention, (having taken the oath 
within the time prescribed by law) to claim the right 
of citizenship. This is obtained from any of the 
courts aforesaid ; but before it is granted, the court 
must be satisfied that the person has resided Jive 
years at least in the United States (and mark well, 
that in addition to other proofs, it is necessary to 
produce the record of registry aforesaid), and one 
year at least, in the state or territory where such 
court is held. They must also be satisfied, "that 
he has behaved as a man of good moral character, 
that he is attached to the principles of the Consti- 
tution of the United States; and well dii^posed to 
the good order and happiness of the same.^' He 
must also declare on oaih or affirmation, that he 
will support the Constitution of the United States; 
and that he renounces allegiance to every foreign 
power. 



63 



SECTION III. 

View of the United States, geos;raphically arrang- 
ed into States and Territories; with Toyogra- 
phical Tables of the Counties, Townships, and 
Population ; and a complete List of the Post 
Offices in the several districts. 

(C/'It may be proper here to remark that the object of this work is 
not to give geograpliical details; but to present a view of the subject 
as an accompaniment to the map- We have treated as amply of the 
United States, in general, as the limits prescribed for the work 
would admit of, so as this chapter might be condensed into the bare 
outlines of the geographical feuturss of the particular sections of the 
country; which with the Statistical Tables will render it pecnliarly 
useful as a general book of reference, not only as an accompaniment 
to this map, but for all maps of the United States, or any part of 
them. 

MAINE. 

Situation. Between 43° 5' and 47° 45' N. lat. 
and 5° 55' and 10° E. lotig. 

Boundaries. On the north and north-west Low- 
er Canada. South-east, Atlantic Ocean. East, 
New Brunswick. West, New Hampshire. 

Extent. From north to south about 216 miles. 
From east to west, 163. 

.irea. About 31,750 square miles, 19,720,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Hilly, but not mountain- 
ous. The coast indented with bays, and abound- 
ing with excellent harbours. 

Rivers. St. John's, St. Croix, Pa^^samaquoddy, 
Penobscot, Kennebeck, Androscoggin, Saco, &c. 



64i 

Minerals. Iron, copperas, sulphur, and ochres 

Soil. On the sea coast, stony and barren. In 
the interior, pretty fertile. 

Produce. Grain, grass, &c. 

Climate. Summers short, but agreeable. Au- 
tumns, clear and healthy. Winters, long and se- 
vere. Spring, hardly any. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Toxt>7iships. 


Popjdation. 


CJiief Toivns and Population. 


Cumberland 


24 


42,831 


Portland 7,169 


Ha:, cock 


76 


30,031 


Castine 1.036 


Ki'iinebeck 


33 


32,564 


HHlloweli 2,068 


Lincoln 


36 


42,992 


Wiscasset 2,083 


Oxford 


37 


17,S30 


Paris 


Somerset 


37 


12,910 


Norridgewock 880 


Washington 


24 


7,870 


Machias 1,570 


York 


21 


41,877 


York 3,046. 



228,705 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



J^'OTE. — 1'he first name in the folhiving lltt is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the Countij, the figures point out the distance from 
Wusldnirton. 



Albany, Oxford 648 

Alfred, York 549 

Alna, Lincoln 603 

Anson, Somerset 665 

Arnold, York 

Augusta, Ktnnebeck 612 

Baldwin, Cumberland 583 

Bang-or, Ham ock 690 

Batl'i, Lincoln 588 

Belfast, Hancock 658 

Berwick, York 544 

Bethel, Oxford 598 

Bloomfield, Somerset 646 

Blue Hill, Hancock 693 

Booth IJay, Lincoln 613 

Bowdoinham, Lincoln 590 

Brewer, Hancock 694 

Bridg-eton, Cumberland 589 

Bristol, Lincoln 609 

Brown, Hancock 

Brownfield, York 575 
N Brown's Corner, Kennebeck 618 
\Brunswick, Cumberland 581 



Buckfield, Oxford 613 
Bucksiown, Hancock 676 
B'lxion, York 569 
Calais or Scodic Falls, ^Vasbington 

843 
Camden, Lincoln 650 
Canaan, Kennebeck 646 
Carmal, Hancock 670 
Castine, Hancock 698 
ChesterviUe, Kennebeck 637 
Clinton, Ki nnebeck 635 
Cobscook, Washington 
Columbia, Washington 657 
Cornish, York 560 
(Crosby, Hancock 664 
I)t;nneysville, Washington 804 
Dixmont, Hancock 666 
Doughty's Falls, York 525 
Dresden, Lincoln 613 
East Falls of Machias, Washington 

780 
Eddington, Hancock 693 
Edgecomb, Lincoln 607 



65 



Ellsworth, Hancock 706 
Fairfax, Kennebeck 645 
Fairfield, Kennebeck 634 
Farmington, Kennebt-ck 649 
Fayette, Kennebeck 631 
Frankfort, Hancock 676 
Fp'. ejiort, Ciimberland 572 
Fi-eedom, Ker.nebeck 
Fryeburg', Oxford 563 
Gaidner, Kennebeck 606 
Gilnnansville, 
Gorham, Cumberland 564 
Goldsboro', Hancock 727 
Gray, Cumberl.ind 571 
Greene, Kennebeck 594 
Hag's Ft. Lubec, Wasliington 
Hallovvell, Kennebeck 610 
Haii.pden, Hancock 685 
Harlem, Kenn be i k 623 
Hartford, Oxford 610 
Hebron, Cumberland 593 



Norridgewock, Kennebeck 653 
Norlhport, Hancock 662 
North Yarniouib,Ctin^hcrlHnd 564 
Norway, Cumber ianU 592 
OiM'injfton, Hancock 692 
Palermo, Lincoln 635 
Paris, Oxford .i98 ■ 
ParsonsfieKl, Yoik 557 
Pejipscot, Ciinibf-rl,.nd 
Pf^nobscot, Hancock 687 
Phipsburg-, Lincoln 621 
Pil.sion, Kt-nnebeck 608 
Plantation No. 12, Washington 788 
Poland, see Minot 
PoL.nd, Cumberland 580 
Portland, Cumberland 554 
Prospect, Hancock 663 
Raymond. Cumberland 576 
Readfield, Kennebeck 625 
Robbinsiown, Washington 831 
Rumford, Oxford 616 



Hebron academy, ( umberland 602 Sacarappa, Cumberland 561 



Hiram, York 581 

HoUis or Phillipsburg, York 567 

Industry, Kennebeck 658 

Jackson, Hancock 

Jay, Oxford 645 

Jefferson, Lincoln 620 

Jonesboro" or Chandlersville, 

Washington 768 
Joy, Kennelieck 
Kfi dull, Kennebunk 
Kf nnehur.k, York 529 
Kt luu bunkpor', York 531 
Katery, York 504 
Lebanon, York 534 
Lewisiovvn, Lincoln 588 
Linicrick, York 565 
Limington, York 576 
Lincoln, Hancock 549 
Lincolnville, Hancock 658 
Litchfield, Lincohi 628 
Livermore, Oxford 609 
Lovel, York 630 
M;;chias, Washington 775 



Saco or Biddef rd, York 539 
Sandford, York 533 
Siarboro', Cumberland 
Seaconk, Bristol 
Sedgewick, Hancock 703 
Shapleigh, York 543 
Sidney. Kennebeck 621 
Standish, Cumberland 571 
Steuben, Washingion 736 
Storks, Kennebunk 660 
Sullivan, Hancock 730 
Sumner, Oxford 619 
Surry, Hancock 701 
Sweden, York 574 
Thomastovvn, Lincoln 640 
Turner, Oxford 599 
Union, Lincoln 633 
Uniiy, Kennebeck 666 
Vassalbo!-o', Kennebeck 624 
Vienna, Kennebeck 661 
Waldobor(>', Lincoln 626 
Warren, Lin< olr 634 
Waterboro', York 560 



Minoi or Poland, Cumberland 587 Waterford, York 580 



Moiimoiith, Kennebeck 604 

Monlville, liincoln 644 

Mount Ephraun, Hancock 

Mount Vernon, Kennebeck 655 

Narraguagus, Washington 743 

New Casco, Cumberland 667 

New Castle, Lincoln 640 

Newfield, York 551 

New Gloucester, Cumberland 578 W scasset, Lincoln 603 

New Milfordjsee Alna, Lincoln 613 Woolwich, Lincoln 694 

Newport, 658 York, York 509- 

New Sharon, Kennebeck 642 



Waterville, Kennebeck 630 
Wayne, Kennebeck 658 
Wells, York 522 

Whitefield or Balltown, Lincoln 649 
Wilton, Kennebeck 685 
Windham, Cumberland 568 
Winslow, Kennebeck 630 
Wmthrop, Kennebeck 610 



66 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

Situation. Between M° 13' and 42° 52' N. lat. 
and 3° 20' and 0° 55' E. lona;. 

Boundaries. On the north. New Hampshire and 
Vermont. South, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and 
Atlantic Ocean. East, Atlantic Ocean. West, 
New York. 

Extent. From north to south 70 miles. From 
east to west 140 miles. 

d.rea. 8,500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Strikingly diversified. 
The coast indenterl with hays, and studded with 
islands. Middle, agreeably uneven. On the west, 
mountainous. 

Rivers. Connecticut, Merrimack, &c. 

Soil. Various. On the coast sandy and rocky, 
improving in the interior. Among the mountains, 
adapted to grazing. 

Produce. Corn, rye, barley, oats, grass, fruit, 
flax, hemp, and some wheat. 

Climate. Salubrious and healthy. Winters, long 
and severe. Springs, short. Summer and au- 
tumn, delightful. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Townships. 


Population. 


Chief T'nuns arid Population. 


Barnstable 


14 


22,211 


Barnstable 


Berkshire 


32 


35,907 


Stockbridge 1,261 


Bristol 


16 


37,168 


Taunton 


Dukes 


3 


3,290 


Ed^artown 1,365 


Essex 


23 


71,888 


CS^Iem 12,612 

i^ Newbury port 1,634 


* Franklin 








* Hampden 








Hampshire 


64 


76,275 


Springfield 2,767 


Middlesex 


44 


52,789 


Concord 1,633 



* Laid out since last Census. 



and 
ADJACEAT COIWTRY. 




67 



Nantucket 


1 


6,807 


Sherburne 


Norfolk 


22 


31,245 


Dedham 2,172 


Plvmnuth 


18 


35.169 


Plymoutli 4,228 


Siiffoik 


2 


34.381 


Boston 33.250 


Worcester 


51 


64,910 


Worcester 2,577 



14 



290 



472,040 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



.AfOTE.—The first name i7i the 
the second is the name of the C 
Washington. 

Abingion, Plymouth 452 
Adams, Berkshire 402 
Agiiwam, Hampden 366 
Amherst, Hampshire 394 
Andover, Essex 467 
Ashburnham, Worcester 462 
Ashby, Middlesex 484 
Ashfield, P'ranklin 410 
Assonet, Bristol 446 
Athol, Worcester 429 
Attleborough, Plymouth 428 
Barnaidstown, Franklin 413 
Barnstable, Barnstable 484 
Bane, Worcester 417 
Becket, Berkshire 376 
Belchertovvn, Hampshire 400 
Beverly, Essex 453 
Bellerica, Middlesex 456 
Blandford, Hampshire 381 
Bohon, Worcester 450 
Boston, Suffolk 436 
Boxford, Essex 467 
Bradford, Essex 472 
Brewster, Barnstable 598 
Bridgewater, Plymouth 468 
Brimfield, Hampshire 375 
Brookfield, Worcester 396 
Burlington, Middlesex 476 
Cambridge, Middlesex 435 
Canton, Norfolk 448 
Carver, Plymouth 447 
Charlertiont, Hampshire 417 
Charleston, Worcester 440 
Charlton, Worcester 384 
Chatham, Barnstable 508 
Chelmsford, Middlesex 462 
Cheshire, Berkshire 404 
Cht-ster, Hampshire 387 
Chesterfield, Hampshire 398 
Cohasset, Norfolk 461 
Coleraine, Franklin 420 
Concord, Middlesex 456 
Conway, Franklin 403 



following list is the name of the Post OJict. 
'ounty, the figures point out the distance from 

Cralgie's mills, Oxford 
Dalton, Berkshire 277 
Dartmouth, Bristol 432 
Dedham, Norfolk 451 
Deerfield, Hampshire 403 
Dennis, Barnstable 492 
Dighton, Bristol 434 
Douglass, Worcester 393 
Dracut, Middlesex 466 
Dudley, Worcester 380 
Dtixbiirv, Plymouth 463 
East Bridgewater, 446 
Eastham, Barnstable, 519 
Easton, No. 1. Bristol 436 
Easton, No. 2, Bristol 438 
East Sudbury, Middlesex 422 
Edgarton, Dukes 509 
Factories, Hampden 
Falmouth, Barnstable 490 
Feedinghills, Hampshii'e 364 
J'itchburg, Worcester 450 
Foxboro', Norfolk 435 
Framingham, Middlesex 415 
Freetown, Bristol 448 
Gerry, Worcester 
Gloucester, Essex 469 
Goshen, Hampshire 396 
Grafton, Worcester 400 
Granville, Hampshire 368 
Great Barrington, Berkshire 352 
Greenfield, Hampshire 406 
Greenwich, Hampshire 407 
Groton, Middlesex 472 
Hadley, Hampshire 388 
Halifax, Plymouth 466 
Hamilton, Essex 460 
Hancock, Berkshire 367 
Hanover, Plymouth 454 
Hardwick, Worcester 413 
Harvard, Worcester 443 
Harwlck, Barnstable 503 
Hatfield, Hampshire 390 
Haverhill, Essex 477 
K 



Heath, Franklin 484 
Hmgham, Plymo ih 455 
H nsdale, Btrkshir. 4U8 
Holdcii, Worcestt-r 402 
Holmes' Hole, Dukes 506 
Hunbardstown, Worcester 415 
Ipswich, Essex 464 
K iigston, Plymouth 458 
Lancaster, Worcester 447 
Lai'.esboro', Berkshire 378 
Lee, Berkshire 371 
Leicester, Worcester 388 
Lenox, Berkshire 366 
Leominster, Worceste* 439 
Lexington, Middlesex 449 
Littleton, Middlesex 465 
Long Meadow , Hampshire 361 
Lunenburg, Worcester 452 
Lynn, Essex 445 
_M inchester, Essex 461 
lVl..nsfield, Brstol 
Murblehead, Essex 456 
Marlboro', Middlesex 411 
Marshfield, Plymouth 468 
Medfield, Norfolk 424 
Medford, Middlesex 442 
Medvvay, Norfolk 418 
Mcndon, Worcester 408 
Methuen, Essex 484 
Middleboro, Plymouth 
Mid'lleboro 4 corners, Plymouth 

441 
Middhfield, Hampshire 404 
Middle Granville, Hampshire 401 
Milbury, Worcester 
MiHord, Wonester 413 
Milton, Norfolk 448 
Monson, Hamp en 375 
Montague, Franklin 403 
Nantucket, Nantucket 532 
Nautick, Middlesex 
New Bedf ,rd, Bristol 458 
Newbiaintree, Worcester 
Newburyport, Essex 475 
New Marlboro. Berkshire 404 
New S:ilem, FraiAlin 452 
Newtown Lower F^Us, Middlesex 

428 
Nonh Adams, Berkshire 408 
Northampton, Hampshire 385 
Northboro, Worcester 405 
N(irth Bridge. Worcesrer 407 
Northfield, Hampshire 415 
Norton, Bristol 448 
Oakham, Worcester 425 
Orange, Franklin 
Orleans, Barnstable 516 



Otis or Bethlehem, Berkshire 38;2 
Oxford, Worcester 387 
Palmer, Hampden 382 
Patuc'ket Bridge, Middlesex 463 
Paxton, Worcester 
Pelham, Hampshire 403 
Peru, Berkshire 
Petersham, Worcester 425 
Philips on, Worcester 
Pittsfield, Berkshire 373 
Plainficld, H..nipshire 485 
Plymouth, Plymouth 454 
Plympton, Plymoiitn 459 
Princeton, Wi rcestei 433 
Provincetown, Barnstable 543 
Quincy, Norfolk 497 
Randolph, Norfolk 446 
Reading, Middlesex 471 
Rehoboth, Bristol 425 
Richmond, Berkshire 372 
Rochester, Plymouth 468 
Rowley, Essex 468 
Royalton, Worcester 428 
Rutland, Worcester 407 
Salem, Essex 450 
Salisbury, Essex 479 
Sandisfieid, Berkshire 382 
Sandwich, Barnstable 472 
Savoy, Beikshire 410 
Scituate, Pijirioutli 466 
Sheffield. Berkshire 146 
Shirley, Middlesex 480 
Shrewsbury, Worcester 461 
Somerst I, B is:ol 430 
South Brill. field, Hampden 380 
South Bi idgewatcr, Pljmoiiih 471 
South Hadley, Hampshire 380 
Southwick, Hampshire 379 
Spencer, Worcester 4U3 
S()ringfield, Hampden 366 
Stockbridge, B< rksliiit 360 
Slough' on, Norfolk 453 
Stow, Middlesex 457 
Stnrbridge, Worcester 373 
Siition, Worcester 394 
S'A-anzey, Bristol 425 
Tally's "4- Roads, Hampshire 382 
Taunton, Bristol 430 
Templeton, Worcester 422 
Tewksbury, Middlesex 460 
T'lpsfield. Essex 462 
Townsend, Middlesex 480 
Troy, Bristol 438 
Truro, Barnstable 535 
Tyngsboio, Middlesex 468 
Uxbridge, Worcester 402 
Waltham, Middlesex 



e9 

Ware, Hampshire Westford, Middlesex 468 

"Wareham, Flymoiilh 475 Westminster, Woicester 430 

Wirwick, Hanipshirc 439 Weston, Middlesex 425 

Watertown, Middlesex 432 West Port, Bristol 440 

AVebster's Store, Lancaster 115 West Springfield, Hampshire 361 

Wellfleei, Barnstaule 527 West Stockbridge, Berkshire 365 

Wenham, Essex, 457 Weymouth, Norfolk 449 

Went Barnstable, Barnstable Whatley, Frai.klih 39.7 

Westboro, Worcester 404 ' Williamsburg, Hampshire 393 

West Boylestown, Worcester 425 Williamstown, Berkshire 393 

Wfst Bridgevvater, Plymouth 442 Winchendon, Worcester 429 

AVest Brook, Bladen 403 Woburn, Middlesex 448 

West Brookfieid, Worcester 401 Worcester, Worcester 395 

West Cambridge, Middlesex 445 Worthinglon, Hampshire 392 

Wi.stern, Worcester 390 Wrentham, Norfolk 420 

Westfieid, Hampshire 367 Yarmouth. Barnstable 488 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Situation. Between 42° 42' and 45® 13' N.Jat. 
and 4° 23' and 6° 10' E. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Lower Canada. 
South, Massachusetts. East, District of Maine 
and Atlantic Ocean. West, Vermont. 

Extent. From nortli to south, 160 miles; from 
east to west, 70 miles. 

Area. 8500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. 

Face of the country. On the sea coast, level; in 
the interior and northern part, mountainous. The 
White Mountains in this state, computed at 7?1<'S 
feet above the level of the sea, is the highest land 
in the United States. 

Rivers. Connecticut, Merrimack, Piscataqua, 
and Androscoggin. 

Minerals. Iron, ochres, talc, rock crystal, sul- 
phur, free- stone, lead, black-lead, and copper. 

Soil. Towards the sea coast, sandy ; mountains 
poor, but » i( \\ valleys among them. 

Produce. Grain, grass, and fruit. 

Climate. Healthy. Winters long and severe. 
Summers, sometimes very warm. 



70 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 
Cheshire 
Coos 
Grafton 
Hillsborough 


TownsMpi 
35 
24 
35 
42 


Rockingham 


45 


Strafford 


31 



Population. 

40,988 

3,991 

28,462 

49,249 

50,175 

41,595 



21i 



214,460 



Chief Towns and Population 
Ktene tp. 1646 
Lancaster ip. 717 
Haverhill tp. 1,105 
Amherst tp. 1,554 

rCoNcouD tp. 2,393 

< Portsmouth 6,934 

CHlxeter tp. 1,759 
Dover tp. 2,288 



LIST OF POST OFFFCES. 

JVOTE. — The first 7iamc in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the fi'gures denote the distance from 
WashingVm. 



Ackwnrth, Cheshire 466 
Alstead, Cheshire 460 
Amherst, Hillsboro 484 
Andover, Hillsboro 525 
Antrim, Hillsboro 469 
Atkinson, Rockmg-liam 483 
Barringion, Str;<ftord 517 
Bartlett, Coos 572 
Bavh, Grafton 545 
Bedford, H llsboro 487 
Boscowen, Hillsboro 514 
Bradford, Hillsboro 514 
Brentwood, Rockingh.m 521 
Bridt^ewaier, Grafton 532 
Canaan, Grafton 513 
Candia, Rotkingham 513 
Canterb\;ry, Rockinjjliam 513 
Centre Harbour, Strafford 552 
Charleston, Cheshire 459 
Chester, Rockingham 490 
Chesterfield, Cheshire 435 
Claremoni, Cheshire 472 
Columbia, Coos 570 
Com p ton, Grafton 548 
Concord, Rockingham 505 
Conway, Strafford 55H 
Cornish, Cheshire 540 
Dalton, Coos 559 
Bearing, H llsboro 479 
Dierfield, Rockini^ham 524 
Do\er, Strafford 507 
Dunstable, Hillsboro 474 
D rhani, Sirafford 501 
Eau>n, Sirufford 549 
Enfield, Grafton 507 
Ejjping, Rurkliigham 499 
Epsom, Rockingham 517 



Exeter, Rockingham 489 
Farmington, Straff';rd 522 
Fitz VVdliam, Cheshire 438 
Francistown, Hillsboro 496 
Franconia, Grafton 538 
Gilmantown, Strafford 523 
Goffstown, Hillsboro 499 
Hampstead, Rockingham 488 
Hampton, Rockingham 487 
Hampton Falls, Rockingliam 487 
Hancock, Hdlsboro 465 
Hanover Grafton 495 
Haveriiill, Grafton 522 
Hebron, Grafton 529 
Henicar, Hillsboro 495 
Hillsboro, Hillsboro 487 
Hinsdale, Cheshire 443 
Hopkinton, Hillsboro 497 
J :iffr,iy, Cheshire 460 
J :fterson, Coos 561 
Keene, Cheshire 445 
Kingston, Rockingham 512 
Lancaster, Coob 551 
Lebanon, Grafton 500 
Lemster, ( heshire 472 
Litchfield, Hillsboro 492 
Littleton, Grafion 563 
Londonderry, Rockingham 484 
Lower Gilmanton, Strafford 523 
Lyme, Grafton 503 
Madberry, Strafford 517 
Meredith, Strafford 531 
Merrimack, Hillsboro 
Middletown, Strafford 528 
Moultonboro, Strafford 557 
New Boston, Hillsboro 
New Chester, Grafton 527 



71 



New Hampton, Strafford 5.33 
New Ipswich, H'llsboro 4/2 
New Market, Kockinsjhan! 494 
Newpoit, Cheshire 528 
Northfield, Rockingham 530 
Norili wood, Roikingham 514 
Nottingham, Rockingham 503 
Orford, Graftm 515 
Ossipee, Strafibrd 545 
Feeling, Grafion 557 
Pelham, Riickingham 472 
Pembroke, Rockingliam 510 
Pelersboro, Hillshoro 464 
Piermont, Grafton 516 
Plymouth, Grafton 539 
Poplin, Rockingham 500 
Portsmouth, Rockingham 500 
Riiymond, Rockngham 506 
Richmond, Cheshire 445 
Rind.'.e, Cheshire 
Rochester, Strafford 5l7 
Romney, Grafton 513 



Salem, Rockingham 484 
Salisbury, Hillsboro 521 
Sandbornton, Straflbn! 523 
Sandwich, Sti afford 57,' 
South Tamworth, Strafford 563 
St.-atford, Coos 555 
Swansey, Cheshire 473 
Tamworih, S'raftbrd 563 
Temple, HilLsboro 501 
Thornton Grafton 552 
WAefield, Siraffoi-d 539 
Walpole, Cheshire 447 
Warner, Hillsboro 505 
Washington, Cheshire 478 
Wear, HiUs^oro 487 
\' entworth. Grafion 538 
W< stmoreland, Cheshire 422 
Wilton, Hillsboro 
Winchester, Cheshire 438 
W.ndham, Rockingham 488 
Wolf boro, Strafford 533. 



VERMONT. 

Situation. Between 4^0° 42' and 45° N. lat. and 
3° 35' and 5° 27' E. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Lower Canada. 
South, Massachusetts. East^ New Uampshire. 
"West, New York. 

Extent. From north to south, 15S miles; breadth 
from east to west, 60 miles. 

Area. 8,700 square miles, or 5,568,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Mostly hilly. An exten- 
sive chain of mountains runs through the middle, 
nearly south and north, and abounds with rich 
valleys and elegant scenery. 

Rivers. Connecticut, Missisque, La Moille. 
Onion, and Otter Creek. 

Minerals. Iron, lead, copperas, flint, marble, 
and vitriol. 

Boil. A great part of it good, some very fer- 
tile. 



7« 

Produce.. Nearly the same as New Hampshire^ 
but more abundant, the stale being more fertile. 
Climate. Similar to New Hampshire. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Townships. 


Population. 


C/def To-wns and Population. 


Addison 


24 


19,993 


Middlebury 715 


B nniiigton 


16 


15,893 


Bennington 611 


Caledonia 


23 


18,-30 


Danville 771 


Chittenden 


24 


18 120 


Burlington 804 


Essex 


14 


3.'-87 


Gnildl.all 685 


Franklin 


19 


16.427 


St. Albans 7?9 


Grand Isle 


5 


3,445 


North Hero 82 


* Jefferson 






MONTPELIER 


Ori.iige 


20 


25,247 


Chelsea 745 


Orleans 


23 


5,830 


Craftsbury 832 


R.itUnd 


27 


29,486 


Rutland 658 


Windham 


24 


26,760 


Bratileborongh 786 


Windsor 


23 


34 879 


Windsor 898 



13 



242 



217,895 



Laid out since last Census. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

jVOTE. — The first 7iame in the fullowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, tlw figures denote the distance from 
Washington. 



Addison, Addison 473 
Alburg, Franklin 555 
Arlington, Bennington 411 
Bakersfield, Franklin 525 
Barnard, Windsor 484 
Barnet, Caledonia 529 
Barre, Washington 524 
Barton, Orleans 564 
Bason Harbour, Addison 486 
Bennington, Benningion 395 
Benson, Rutland 446 
Berkshire, Franklin 541 
Bolton, Cliitlenden 507 
Bradford, Orange 505 
Brandon, KiH land 465 
Brattleboro, Windham 427 
Bridport, Addison 468 
Bristol, .\ddison 482 
Browninglon, O lean^ 571 
Burke, Caledonia 534 
Burlington, Chilten len 501 
Cabot, Caledonia 534 
Calais, Washington 535 



Cambridge, Franklin 514 
Canaan, Essex 606 
Cas leton. Rutland 434 
Cavendish, Windsor 431 
Charlotte, Chittenden 490 
Chelsea, Orange 506 
Chester, Windsor 447 
Clarendon, Rutland 435 
Colchester, Chittenden 524 
Concord, Essex 544 
Corinth, Orange 521 
Craftsbury, Orleans 581 
Danby, Rutland 433 
Danville, Caledonia 535 
Derby, Orleans 579 
Dorset, Hennington 425 
Dnmnierstown, Windham 431 
Enosbiirg, Franklin 532 
Fairi'as, Franklin 516 ■ 
Fairfield, Franklin 526 
Fa rhaven, Rutland 436 
Fairlee, OrMigt 499 
Georgia, Franklin 522 



73 



Grand Isle, Grand Isle 538 
Grand Islec.h. Nonli Hero, Grand 

Isie 543 
Greensboro, Orleans 572 
Guildhall, Ess^x 574 
Hancock, Addison 484 
Hardwick, Caledoiii.i 551 
Hartford, Wiiuisor 476 
Hartland, Wi'ulsor, 469 
Hi^h Gale, Frankl.n 542 
Hmesbnrg, Chittenden 489 
Hubbertstown, Rutland 442 
Hiinlsburg, Franklin 541 
Hyd.- Park, Orleans 533 
Ira, Rutland 433 
Jericho, Chittenden 500 
Johnston, Franklin 526 
Ludlow, Windsor 459 
Lunenburg, Essex 562 
Lynden, Caledonia 545 
Manchester, Bennington 419 
Marlboro, Wiutlhani 425 
Marshfield, Washington 553 
MiddKburg, Addison 467 
Muldletown, Ruiland 428 
Milton, ChitTendi n 514 
Mineliead, Easex 581 
Monklon, Addison 481 
Montgomery, Franklin 572 
Monipelier, Caledonia 524 
Mornsio^' n, Orleans 532 
Moiintholly, Rutland 460 
Newbury, Orange 513 
Newlane, Windham 435 
Newhaven, Ai.dison 475 
North Hero c. h. Franklin 543 
Norwich, Windsor 499 
Orwell, Rutland 453 
P^.wlet, R .tland417 
Peacham, Caledonia 532 
Pern, Bennington 429 
Pittsford Rutland 460 
Plainfitld, Washmgton 580 
Pljmo th, Windsor 460 
Po'ulteny, Rutland 428 
Po nal, Benniny:ton 400 
Putney, Windham 437 



Randolph, Orange 501 
Richmond, Chi;t ml n 499 
Ro<kingh;'.m, Wini.hnni 455 
Royallon, Winclsui 491 
Rupori, Bennington 410 
Rutland, Rutland 441 
Rjegate, Caledonia 520 
Salisbury, Addison 474 
Shaftsbury, Benningvon 403 
Sharon, Win.ssor 492 
Shelburn, Chienclen 494 
Shelnon, Pianklin 532 
Shoreharn. A>ldison 457 
Shrewsbury, Rutland 451 
South Hero, Grand Isl. 524 
Starksboro, Chittendtn 525 
Stockbridge, Windsor 460 
Stow, Chittenden 525 
St. Albans, Franklin 528 
St. Johnsburg. Caledonia 538 
Sudbury, Ru'land 449 
Sutton, Caledonia 581 
Swanton, Franklm 536 
Thetf'ord, Orange 491 
Townshend, Windham 452 
Tunbrid^e, OraiiKe 499 
Vergennes, Addison 480 
Walden, Caledonia 544 
Wallingford, R iland 442 
Wateiburv, Jeflerson 513 
Waterford or Littleton, Caledonia 

544. 
Weatherfield, Windsor 468 
Westford, Caledonia 511 
West Haven, Rutland 440 
Weston, 

Wcsimiiister, Windham 445 
Whcelock, Caledonia 552 
Whitin;:, Addison 454 
Wlminghani, Windh.im 423 
Willi:. ms>on. Orange 513 
WMliston, Chittenden 497 
Wilmington, Windh-.m 4LS 
Windsor, Windsor 463 
W.'odsiock, Windsor 477 ^ 
Wolcott, Orleans 543. 



RHODE ISLAND. 

Situation. Between 41° 22' and 42° N. lat. and 
5° and 5° 50' E. long. 

Boundaries. On the North, Massachusetts. 
South, Atlantic Ocean. East, Massachusetts. 
West, Connecticut. 



74 

Extent. From north to south 48 miles ; from 
east to west 42. 

Area. InOO square miles, or 960,000 acres. 

I'ace of the country. Ag;reeably uneveOj some 
placp*. hilly, but not mountainous. 

Hivevs. Providence, Taunton, Patuxet. 

Minerals. Iron, limestone, marble, coal, some 
copper, and loadstone. 

boil. Various, a a;reat proportion rocky. 

Produce. Same as Massachusetts. 

Climate. Very healthy. Nearly the same as 
Massachusetts. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Toionships. 


Popiilction. 


Chief Towns and Population. 


Bristol 


3 


5,972 


Bri.Mol 2,692 


Kent 


4 


9,834 


Warwick 


JSevvport 


7 


16,294 


Newport 7,907 


Provi>ience 


10 


30,769 


Providence 10.071 


Washington 


7 


14,962 


S. Kingston 



76,931 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

^VOTE. — The first name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the Connty, tlie figures deiw/e the distance from 
Wasiiinsrton. 



Harrington, Bristol 414 
Brisiol, Br.s'ol 424 
Charleston, Washington 388 
(Jhepackft, Piovidence 449 
East GreenwichjKent 423 
FostL-r, Proviileuce 423 
Pulling Mills, Kent 410 
Hopkinion, Washington 387 
Little Compton, Newport 440 
Little Rest, Washington 403 
Newport, Newpori 419 
Pawtucket Falls, Providence 420 



Pawtuxet, Kent 415 
Portsmouth, Newport 428 
Providence, Providence 416 
Rirhniond, Washingion 506 
Scituate, Providence 397 
Smilhfield Providence 420 
South Kingston, Washington 407 
Tiverton, Newport 431 
Warren. Bristol 420 
Westerly, W;ishii.gton 380 
Wickford, Washingtsn 411. 



CONNECTICUT. 

Situation. Between 41° and 42° N. lat. and 3° 
20' and 5° E. long. 



75 

Boundaries. On the north, Massachusetts. 
South, Long Island Sound. East, Rhode Island. 
West, New York. 

Extent. From north to south SO miles ; from 
east to west 80. 

Area. 4000 square miles, or 2,560,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Agreeably uneven, and 
beautifully diversified. Towards the north-west, 

hilly. 

Mivers. Connecticut, Thames, and Housotonic. 

Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, zinc, and some 
pit coal. 

Soil. Various, a considerable portion of it good. 

Produce. Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley, 
flax, hemp, &c. 

Climate. Subject to sudden changes from heat 
to cold, but healthy and agreeable. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Coniiiies. 
Fairfield 
Hartford 
Litchfield 
Middlesex 
New Haven 
New London 
Tolland 
Windham 

8 



To-uns/iips. 
17 
18 
22 
7 
17 
13 
10 
15 

119 



Pijpiddtion. 
40.950 
44,733 
41,375 
20,723 
37,064 

13.779 
28,611 



Cliit'f Towns and Population. 
Fairfield 
Hautford 3,995 
Litchfield 
Middletown 2,014 
New Haven 5,772 
New London 3,238 
Tolland 1,638 
Windham 500 



261,942 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JYOTE. — The first name in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, ilie figures denote the distance from 

JVashington. 



Andover, Tolland 358 
Ashford, W^indham 369 
Barkhampstead, Litchfield 368 
Berlin, Hartford 327 
Bethlehem, Litchfield 326 
Bolton, Tolland 355 
Bradlej'sville, Litchfield 329 



Brandford, New Haven 311 
Bridgeport, Fairfield 286 
Bristol, Hartford 331 
Brookfield, Fairfield 305 
Brooklyn, Windham 377 
Burlington, Hartford 342 
Canaan, Litclifield 350 



76 



Oatilerbiiry, Wnidham 371 
Canlon or West Simsbuiy, Ilart- 

f»rd 351 
Chelsea Landing', New London 371 
(Cheshire, New Haven 318 
Chester, Middlesex 348 
Col( hester, New Lonrlon 351 
Colebrook, Litchfield 375 
Coll mbia, Windham 354 
Cornwaii, Litchfield 439 
Cornwall Bridj^e, Li'chfield 333 
Coven iry, Tolland 354 
Da Ijury, Fairfield 297 
Deiby,New Haven 313 
Dnihum, New Haven 324 
Ivist Guilford, New Haven 325 
Kast Haddam, Middlesex 344 
East Hdrtfbrd, Harttord 339 
East Windsor, H.u-tford 347 
Ellswonh, Litchfield 325 
Enfield, Hariford 355 
Fairfield, Fairfield 282 
Farmington, Hartfijrd 334 
Franklin, New London 370 
Glastenbiiry, Hartfi^rd 343 
Gosh.Mi, Litchfield 335 
Granby, Hariford 360 
Greenwich, Fairfield 259 
Groton, New London 359 
Giidtbrd, New Haven 320 
Iladdam, Middlesex 347 
Hart ford, Hartford 338 
Hartland, Liichfield 368 
HavwiiUon, Lilci. field 336 
Hebron, Tolland 349 
Hnn.phreysville, New Haven 315 
Hum ng-ton, Fairfitld302 
Jewett'.s city. New London 379 
Kent, Litchfield 325 
Killingby, Windham 387 
Killingsworth, Middlesex 329 
Lebanon, Windham 359 
Litchfield, Litchfield 329 
Lvme, New London 342 
Mansfield, Windham 361 
Marlboro, Hartford 343 
Mendan, New Haven 320 
Middleburg, New Haven 329 
Middle Haddam, Middlesex 336 
Middletown, Middlesex 330 
Middletown Upper Houses, Mid- 
dlesex 332 
Milford, New Haven 294 
Mystic River, New London 382 
New Hartford. Litchfield 349 
New Haven, New Haven 304 
New London, New London 338 



New Milford, Litchfield 313 
New Salem, New London 
Newiown, Fairfieid 306 
Norfolk, Litchfield 358 
Northford, New^ Haven 314 
Northington, Hartford 347 
North S'onington,NewLondon380 
Norwolk, Fiirfield 273 
Norwich, New London 367 
Orford, Hartford 321 
Oxford, New Haven 348 
I'lainfield, Windham 386 
Plymouth, Plymouth 325 
Pomfret, Windham 386 
Preston, New London 378 
Heading, Fairfield 285 
Reading town house, Fairfield 290 
Ridgefi'eld, Fairfield 282 
Ripton, Fairfielu 298 
River Head, New London 351 
Rocky Hill, Hartford 338 
Salisbury, Litchfield 337 
Saugatuck, Fairfield 276 
Saybrook, Middlesex 338 
Scotland Society, Windham 
Sharon, Litchfield 329 
Simsbury, Hariford 352 
Southbury, Litchfield 322 
South Canaan, Litchfield 345 
Sou'.h Farms, Litchfield i 

Southington, Hartford 325 
StaflTord Sprngs, Tolland 364 
Stamford, Fairfield 264 
Sterling, Windham 390 
Stonington, New London 373 
Stratford, Fairfield 290 
Siiffield, Hartford 355 
Thomson, Windham 386 
Tolland, Tolland 356 
Toringford, Litchfield 343 
Torrington, Litchfield 339 
Tnimbull, Fairfield 291 
Vernon, Tolland 347 
Wallingford, New Haven 314 
Warehouse Point, Hartford 339 
Warren, Litchfield 338 
Washington, Litchfield 321 
Waterbury, New Haven 325 
Watertown, Litchfield 319 
Weathersfield, Hartford 341 
Willtown (parish), Fairfield 279 
Winchester, Litchfield 365 
Windham, W^indham 361 
Windsor, Hartford 345 
Wintonbury, Hartford 347 
^V'o^l(lbnry, Li clifielil 316 
Woodstock, Windham 382 



77 



NEW YOllK. 

Situation. Between 40° 33' and 45° N. lat. and 
3° 43 E. and 2° 43' W. Ions;. 

Boundaries. On the ncu'tli, Lake Ontario and 
Canada. South, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
the Atlantic Ocean. East, Vermont, Massachu- 
setts, and Connecticut. West, Upper Canada, 
Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. 

Extent. From north to south, 198 miles ; from 
east to west 3n6. 

Area. 46,000 square miles, or 28,440,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Exhibits a great variety. 
To the south-east, the surface is agreeaMy uneven. 
In the middle, mountainous. To the north-west, 
undulating. Flat towards the lakes, and hilly to- 
wards the southern extremity. 

Rivers. Hudson, Mohawk, Oswego, and Gene- 
see. The great river St. Lawrence is on the north, 
and the head waters of the Susquehannah, Dela- 
ware, and Allegany rivers, are in the south. 

Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, zinc, marble, 
freestone, limestone, slate, plaster of Paris, talc, 
sulphur, and some coal and silver. 

Soil. Very various, a great proportion of it good, 
particularly in the western part of the state. 

Produce. Wheat is the staple. Corn, oats, bar- 
ley, rye, flax, hemp, fruit, &c. 

Climate. In the south-east, very changeable. 
Among the mountains, the winters are long and se- 
vere. To the westward more temperate and agree- 
able. 



78 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Cuuntics. 
Albany 
Alle.ejhany 
Broome 

* Cattaraugus 
Cayuga 

* Cliatauque 
Cheiiingo 
Cliruon 
Columbia 
Courtlandt 
Delaware 
Duchess 
Essex 
Franklin 
Genesee 
Greene 
Herkimer 
JcfTcrsou 
Kings 

Lew IS 
Madison 
Monti^omery 
New York 
Niagara 

* Putnam 
Oneida 
Onondaga 
Ontario 
Orange 
Ostego 
Queens 

111 nssellaer 

Rii hmond 

Rockland 

Saratoga 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Seneca 

Steuben 

St Lawrence 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Ulster 

* Warren 
Washington 
West Chester 

47 



Townships. 

8 

5 

6 

1 
10 

2 
14 

5 
11 

6 
1.4 
16 
11 

4 
10 

7 
10 
12 

6 

7 
11 
15 

1 

4 

26 
13 
24 
11 
21 

6 
13 

4 

4 
14 

4 

8 

7 

9 
12 

9 

7 

9 
13 

21 
21 

452 



Population 
34,661 
1,942 
8,130 

29,843 

21,704 

" 8,002 

32,390 

8,869 

20,303 

51,363 

9,477 

2,617 

12 588 

19,536 

22,046 

15.140 

8,303 

6,433 

25,144 

41,214 

96,373 

8,971 

33,792 

25,987 

42,032 

34,374 

38,802 

19.336 

36,309 

5,347 

7,758 

33,147 

10,201 

18,945 

16,609 

7,246 

7,885 

21,113 

6,108 

7.899 

26,576 

44,289 
30,272 



Chief Towns and Population. 
A LB am: 9,356 
Angelica tp. 4,39 
Chenango tp. 225 
Olean tp. 458 
Auburn tp. 500 
Chatauqut tp. 1,039 
Norwich 225 
Flatts')urg tp. 3,112 
Hudson 4,048 
Homer 350 
Delhi tp. 2,396 
Poughkeepsie 1 800 
Elizabethtown tp. 1,362 
Ezravillc 767 
Batavia 200 
Ca' skill 1000 
Herkimer tp. 475 
Watertown 250 
Flatbush tp. 1,159 
Mariinsbuvg 150 
Cazenovia 500 
Johnstown 705 
New Yoik 96,373 
Buffalo 500 

Utica 1,500 
Onondaga 525 
Canandaigua 685 
Newburg 2,000 
Ostego 550 

Northenipstead tp. 2,750 
Tro) 2,640 
Richmond 100 
Clarkstown tp. 1,996 
Saratoga 

Schenectady 2,000 
Schoharie 125 
Ovid tp. 4,535 
Bath 250 
Ogdensbui'g 350 
lliveriieud tp. 1,711 
Thomson tp. 1,300 
Spencer 1p. 3,128 
Kingston 750 

Salem 280 
Bedford t p. 2,374 



959,049 



T.aid out since last Census. 



79 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

,YOTE. — The Jirst name in the fallowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
rt'asMnglon. 



Adams, Jefferson 461 

Albany, Albany 356 

AU'ied, Alleghany 

Amtnia, Duchess 323 

Amenia Union Society, Duchess 

392 
Amity, Orange 257 
Amsterdam, Montgomery 392 
Angelica, Steuben 337 
Antwerp, Jefferson 474 
Argyje, W.ishmgton 403 
Arkport, Steuben 323 
Athens, Greene 335 
Attica, Genesee 440 
Attlebury, Duchess 352 
Avon, Ontario 366 
Augusta, Oneida 409 
Auburn or Aurelins, Cayuga 385 
Aurora, Cayuga 378 
Bainbndge, Chenango 329 
BaldwinsviUe, Onondaga 453 
Ballstown, Saratoga 390 



Bristol, Ontario 374 

Broadalbin, Montgomery 493 

Brookfield, Madison 348 

Broukhaven, Suffolk 306 

Brooklyn, Kings 228 

Broom or Bristol, Schohi;rie 381 

Brownsville, Jefferson 477 

Brutus, Cavuga 400 

Buffalo, Niagara 431"' 

Burlington, Otsego 366 

Buskirk's Bridge, Washington 432 

Butternut, Otsego 353 

Cairo or Canton, Greene 340 

Caldwell or Fort George, Washing- 
tcm 415 

Caledonia, Genesee 378 

Cambray or Governeur, St. Law- 
rence 510 

Cambridge, Washington 380 

Camden, Oneida 429 

Camillus, Onondaga 400 

Campbell Town, Steuben 288 



Ballstown Springs, Saratoga 393 Canaan, Columbia 356 



Bangor, Franklin 612 

Batavia, Gt-nese^ 391 

Baih, Steuben 295 

B ardslej's Store, Cayuga 377 

BeckiViansviUe, Schoharie 376 

Bedford, West Chester 272 

Bengal, Oneida 423 

Biiijaminville, Duchess 299 

Bcnion, Ontario 339 

Bergen, Genesee 437 

Berkshire or Westville, Broome 

331 
Bern, Albany 397 
Bethany, Genesee 397 
Bethel, Sullivan 307 
Be.hlehem, Albany 357 
Beitsburg, Chen^nt(o 307 
Big Flat, Tioga 288 
Blenheim, Schoharie 372 
Bloominj; Grove, Orange 258 
Bloomingsburg, Sullivan 283 
Bolton, Washington 518 
Boonvdle, Oneida 422 
Boyle, Ontario 396 



Canadaway, Chatauque 404 
Canajoharie Bridge, Montgomcrv 

418 
Canandaigua, Ontario 365 
Canasaraga, Madison 425 
Candor, Tioga 328 
Caneadea, Alleghany 
Canisteo, Steuben 318 
Canterbury, Orange 
Canton, St. Lawrence 507 
Cape Vincent, Jefferson 498 
Carlisle, Scholiarii 384 
Carmansboro', Suffolk 
Carmel, Putnam 314 
Caroline or Speedwell, Tioga 34S 
Can h age, Jefferson 
Castleion, Uichmond 220 
Casil<-ton, Henssellaer 357 
Carpenter's Point, Orange 269 
Cataragus, Chatauque 469 
Catchougc, Suffolk 
Catharinestown, Tioga 319 
Cato, Cayuga 395 
Catskill, Greene 330 



Brainard's Bridge, Rensselaer 409 Caughnewaga, Montgomery 406 
Breakabeen, Schoharie Cayus^a, Cayuga 263 

Bridgehamplon, Suffolk 336 Cuzi novia, Madison 386 

Bridgewater, Oneida 401 Champion, Jefferson 460 



80 



Champlain, Clinton 536 
Charleston, Montgomery 412 
Charlotte, Genesee 406 
Charlton, Saratoga 401 
Ch..taugh(iiie, Niagara 439 
Chatcaugay, Franklin 386 
Chatham, Columbia 350 



East Bloomfield, Ontario 37S 
East Clu ster, Wes'. Cht-ster 245 
E.St liamiton, Suffolk 347 
Easion, Washington 384 
Eaton, Madison 362 
Ednieston, Oisego 185 
Elbridge, Oi ondiiga 395 



Ch itham Four Corneis, Columbia Elizabeth c. h , Essex 486 



346 

Cliaumont, Jefferson 487 
Chazy, Clinton 529 
Chemung, Tioga 308 
Chenang Forks, Broome 315 
Chenang Point, Broome 295 
Cherrv Valley, Otsego 384 
Ciiester, Warren 439 
Chester, Orange 266 
Cliesterfield, Essex 497 
Cincinnalus, (Jourtlandl 354 
Clarence, Niagara 412 
Clarkeston, Rockland 261 
Clement, Columb. . 325 
Clinion, Oneida 310 
Cobleskill, Scholiarie 394 
Cochecton, Sullivan 317 
Coeyman's, Albany 349 
Colchester, Delaware 368 
Colesville, Broome 300 
Columbia, St Lawrence 522 
Columbus, Chenango 356 
Constable, Franklin 605 
Cooper's town, Otsego 377 
Courilandt, Courtland; 383 
Corutlandt, < ayuga 385 
Coshecton, Sullivan 326 
Coventry, Chenango 333 
Coxsackie, Greene 341 
Cross River, West Ght- ster 281 
Crown Point, Essex 452 
Cutchoque, Suffolk 340 
Danby, Tioga 335 
Danville, Steuben 338 
Dear Park, Orange 179 
Dekalb, St. L;.wrence 503 
Delhi, Delaware 454 
Delphi, Onondaga 300 



EUisDurg, Jefi'erson 501 
Eimira or Niwiown, Tioga 298 
Esparanca. Schoharie 384 
Essex, Essex 482 
Exeier, Otsego 398 
Fabiiis, Onondai-a 375 
Fairfield, Herkimer, 481 
Fair Vale or North Granville, 

W .shington 423 
F .Us River, Bristol 
Farmer, Sentca 
Fireplace, Suffolk 298 
Fishkill, Duchess 286 
Fishkill Landing, I)'ichess283 
Flat Bush, Kings 233 
Florida, Orange 258 
Florida, Montgomery 255 
Fort Ann, Washmgion 4l6 
Fort Edward, Washint;t..i! 404 
Fort Millti, Washington 394 
Franklin, Delaware 346 
French Mills, Clmton 575 
Galen, Ont;irio 401 
Galway, Sarato.i^a 410 
Garretsvill. , Otieg' 361 
Genesee c. Ii , st-e Batavia 
Genesee, Ontai io 356 
GenevK, Ontario 349 
Genoa or Salmon Creek, Cayuga 

362 
German, Chenango 350 
Glennville, Wash iigum 428 
Go 'ham, Ontario 366 
Goslien, Orange 261 
Granvdle, Washnj^ton 410 
Great Sodus, Ontario 413 
Greenbush, Rensselae; 357 
Greene, Chenango 314 



DenmarkorHarrisburg, Lewis 450 Greenfield, Saratoga 403 



Deposit, Delaware 331 
Deruyler, Madison 365 
Dixhill's, Suffolk 277 
Dover, Duchess 320 
Drown Meadow, Suffolk 303 
Dryden, Cayuga 377 
Duanesburg, Schenectady 376 
Dunning St., Saratoga 386 
Dutch Settlement, Tioga 535 



Greensbiirg, West Chester 253 
Greenville, Greene 349 
Greenwich nr Whipple City, Wasli- 

ington 391 
Groveland, Ontario 368 
Guil.ierland, Albany 368 
Hadley, Saratoga 413 
Hague, Washington 437 
Hamburg, Niagara 436 



Durham or Freehold, Greene 374 Hamburg, Sussex 331 



81 



Hamburg on the Lake, Niagara 436 Lewistown, Niagara 461 

H nuilon, Mudison 361 Lexington, Greene 358 

Hampton, Oneida 403 Leyden, Lewis 426 

Hancock, Delaware 325 Lima or Charleston, Ontario 374 

Hanibal, Cayuga 407 Lindslaytown, Steuben 267 

Hardenb'.rg Mills, Delaware 380 Lisbnrn, St. Lawrence 550 



Hailent, New York 234 
Harpersfield, Delaware 370 
Hai-tfbrd, W>shington 415 
Harlland, 

Hartwick, Otsego 378 
Havers 1 raw, Rockland 271 
Head of Cow Neck, Queens 256 
Hebron, Washington 411 
Hector, Seneca 327 
Hempstead, Queens 250 



L sle. Broome 306 
Litclifield, Heikiner 404 
Litile Falls, Herkinitr 414 
Liverpool, Onondag 445 
Livinj^sion, Columbia 337 
Livonia, Ontario 356 
Livingstonville, Schoharie 
Locke, Cayuga 389 
Lorraine, Jefferson 439 
Louisville, St. Lawrence 568 



Henderson Harbour, Jefferson 512 Lowville, Lewis 444 



Herkimer, Herkimer 407 
Hillsdale, Columbia 353 
Hollow, Duchess 313 
Homer> Courtlandt 383 
Hoiieoye, Ontario 363 
Hoosick, Renssi laer 406 
Hopkinton, St. Lawrence 595 
Hudson, Columbia 336 
Huntington, Suffolk 270 
Huntington (South), Suffolk 263 
Hyde Park, Duchess 307 
Indian Fields, Cayuga 
Ingersoll's Store, Seneca 370 
Islip, Suffolk 276 
Itbica, Seneca 347 
Jaiksi.n, Washington 698 
Jamaica, Queens 240 
Jamestown. Chatuuque 
Jay, Essex 499 
Jericho, Q leens 251 
Jolinson's Settlement, Tioga 323 
Johnstown, Montgomery 408 
Junius, Seneca 358 
Keene, Essex 323 
Kelloggsville, Cayuga 396 
Kilkenny, St. Lawrente 479 
K.ndei-hook, Columbia 350 
Kmderhook Landing, Columbia 

347 
Kingsbury, Washington 432 



Luzerne, Warren 445 
Lyons, Ontario 362 
Mddison, Madison 368 
Madrid, St Lawrence 531 
Malone or Harrison, Fi anklin 567 
Mamaroneck, West Chester 253 
Manchester, Niagara 462 
Manchester, Ontario 382 
Manchester, Oneida 
Manheim, Montgomery 421 
Manlius, Onond..ga 394 
Marcellus, Onondaga 385 
Marietta, Oiot-daga 385 
MartinsitUi'g, Lewis 441 
Maryland, O sego 312 
Masonsv.lle. Del ware 291 
Massena, St. Lawrence 573 
Mattituck, Suffolk 333 
Mayville, Chatauque 422 
Mechanicsville, Saratoga 374 
Meredith, Delaware 360 
Mendnn, Ontario 366 
Menton, Cayuga 392 
Mentz, Cayuga 389 
Middleburg, Schoharie 
MiddlebiTg Genesee 363 
Middlefielil, Otsego 392 
Middlesex, Ontario 359 
Middletown, Delaware 351 
Milan, Cayuga 



K ug's Ferry (Milton),Cayuga 384 Milford, Otsego 359 



K:ngston, Ulster 306 
Knappsburg, Chenango 333 
Koriwright, Delaware 363 
Lansingburg, Rensselaer 365 
Lasselisvdie, Montg.imery 486 
Leicester, G nesee 368 
Lenox, Madison 434 
Le R lysville, Jeffersoh 422 
Le Roy, Genesee 



Milton or King's Ferry, Cayuga 386 
Minden, Montgomery 448 
Minesink, Orange 
Moira, Franklm 560 
Monroe Woiks, Orange 268 
Monticello, SiiUivi.n 310 
Moreau, Saratoga 410 
Moriah, Essex 459 
Monche's, Suffolk 301 



Morris's Flatts, Madison 373 
Moirisiown, St. Lawrence 
Mo' nt Hope, Orange 275 



Owasco, Cayuga 389 
Owego, Tioga 317 
Oxford, Chenango 328 



Mount Pleasant, West Chester 265 Oxford Furnace, Sussex 218 
Mount Upton, 353 Oyster Bay, Queens 263 

Muiuoe or Soutlifield, Orange 251 Oyster Buy South, Queens 



Murray, Genesee 399 

Nanric.okf, Br- ome 301 

Naplts, Jefferson 473 

Naples Village, Ontario 

Na.-.biJU, Rensselaer 367 

Nelson, Madison 373 

New rialiimore, Greene 375 

New Berlin, Chennngo 355 

Newburg, Orange 281 

New Hal iford, Oneida 388 

New Haven, O.'ieida 

New Lebanon, Columbiana 364 

New Lisbon or Pittsficld, Otsego 

357 
Nfw Paltz, Ulster 390 
Newpor!, Herkimer 428 
New Rochelle, West Chester 246 
New York City, New Yoi k. ^27 
Niagara, Niagara 468 
Norvh A.mer!C!t, Duchess 330 
Noi'ihampton, Monti^omery 425 
North Boiitoii, Ontario 
North CastU', West Chester 265 
Norih Easi, Duchess 300 
North Hempstead, Qut ens 256 
North Norwich, Chenango 349 
Norlhum!)erland, Saratoga 392 
Nor '\ ay, Herkimer 442 
Norwich, Cnenango 337 
Ninida, xMleghany 
Oak Hill, Greene 
Oak Orchard, 

Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence 522 
Oil Springs, Caiaragus 
Olean, Cataragus 
Oneida, 

Onondaga, Ononciaga 394 
Onondaga c. h., Onondaga 
OpiJenheim, Montgomery 414 
Oquago, Broome 327 
Oran, Onondaga 
Orangetown, Rockland 
Orreskanny, Oneida 403 
Orvilie, Onondaga 
Oswego, Onondaga 421 
Oswego Falls, Oneida 421 
Otsego, Otsego 361 
Otisco, Onondaga 388 
Otsego, see Cooperstown 
Outlet Chatauga lake, Chatauga 
Orid, Seneca 338 



Painted Post, Steuben 280 
Palatine, Montgomery 421 
Palatine Bridge, Mont.yomery 
Palmertown, Saratoga 404 
Palmyra, Ontario 377 
Paoli, Orange 
Paris, Oneida 382 
Paris F'irnace, Oneida 395 
Parishville, St. Lawrence 628 
Parma, Genesee 402 
Patchogue, Suffolk 289 
Patterson, Putnam 304 
Pauling, Duchess 310 
Peekskill, West Chester 278 
Pembroke, Genesee 408 
Penfield, Ontario 391 

Perr}', Genesee 
Peru, Clinton 503 
Petersboro', Madison 399 
Pharsalia, Chenango 347 
Phelps, Ontario 354 
Philips, Putnam 
Philipsburg, Orange 265 
Pittsfield, see New Lisbon 

Pittsford, Ontario 385 

Pi istown, Rensselaer 401 

PUi infield, O'sego 395 

Plat sburg, Clinton 515 

Pleasant Valley, Du hess 313 

Plymouth, Chenango 415 

Pomt'ret or Fredonia, Chatauquc 
401. 

Pompey, Onondaga 404 

Pompey Wist Hill, Onondaga 406 

Poplar Ridge, Cayuga 

Portland, Chalauque 

Po!sdam, Si. Lawrence 532 

Poughkeepsie, Duchess 289 

Preble, Courtlandt 

Prince; on Schenectady 

Piiltney, Steuben 352 

Pultneyville, Ontario 404 

Queens c. h., 

Rampo Works, Rockland 260 

Randolph, Broome 

Reading, Steuben 

Redhook, Duchess 317 

Ramsen, Oneida 409 

Rensselaerville, Albany 3S0 

Rhinebeck, Duchess 311 

Richfield, Otsego 400 



Richland, Oneida 
Ridgevvay, Genesee 
Rid}^ebiiry, Orange 
Riga, Genese-e 400 
Ripley, Ciiatatii^ay 
Rochester, Genesee 396 
Rochester, Ontario 393 
Riig-eis' Mills, Saratoga 239 
Rome, Oneida 407 
Riimnlds, Seneca 340 
RoseviUe, Delaware 385 
R'iscommon, Steuben 312 
Rossit Iron Works, St. Lawrence 

510 
Rotterdam, Oneida 439 
Roxbury, Dflawar- 400 
Russel, St- Lawrence 495 
Russia, Hirikimer 418 
Rutland, Jetiferson 466 
Rye, West Chester 254 
Sackett's Harbo.a-, Jefferson 473 
Sag Harbour, Siiflblk 340 
Salem, Washington 402 
Salina, Onondaga 399 
Salisbury, Montgomery 431 
Salisbury, Orange 274 
Sandy Hill, Washinston 405 
Sandy Lake, Rensselaer 366 
Saiigerfield Oneula 375 
Saratoga, Saratoga 386 
Sar.itoga Springs, S.u-atoga 398 
Sat cket, Suffolk 296 
Saiigtrtiis, Ulster 34-7 
Saw Pitt, West Chester 
Schagliticoke, Rensselaer, 375 
Schenectady, Schenectady 377 
Schodac Landing, Columbia 353 
Sciiohane Bridge, Schoharie 384 

Schoharie c h., Sfhoharie 388 

Scipio, Cayuga 384 

Scononda, Oiiei ia417 

Scriba, Oneida 453 

Sempronius, Cayuga 394 

Seneca Falls, Seneca 

Shandakin, Ulster 330 

Sharon or Durl.ick, Schoharie 384 

Shawngunk, Ulster 280 

Sheldon, Genesee 454 

Sherburn, Chenantro 347 

Sidney PI ins. Delaware 336 

Skeneailess, Onondaga 379 

Skfoon Lake, Washington 444 

S'tiithsf>orn'. Tioga 316 

Smith's Mills. Ontario 325 

Smithtown, S.ffnlk 285 

Smyrna, Chenango 347 

Sodus, Ontario 378 



Solon, Courtlandt 372 
Somers, West Chester 308 
Southampton, Suffolk 329 
South East, Duchess 294 
Soiithfield, see Munroe 
South German, Chenungo 
Sou' hhold, Suffolk 341 
Soflth Harpersfield, Delaware 412 
South Nnnda, Alleghany 
South Salem W> s>' Chester 263 
Spuria, (Jniano 355 
SpeedsvUle, Tioga 353 
Speiiier c. ii , Spencer 336 
S|)encer, 'I'loga 359 
Spencertowii, Columbia 352 
Springfield, Otsego 390 
Siaatsburg, Duchess 305 
Stamford, Delaware 373 
Stephentown, Ri-nssellaer 375 
Stillwater, Saratoga 378 
Stockholm, St. Lawrence 545 
SuBolkch., Suffolk 318 
Sullivan, Madison 414 
Sunderland, Franklin 
Taberg, Oneida 422 
Tuppan, Rockland 254 
Thurman, Washington 424 
Ticonderoija, Essex 443 
Tioga, Broome 
Tomhannock, Rensselaer 375 
Tompkins, Delaware 356 
Trenton, Oneida 406 
Troupville, Ontario 378 
Troy, Rensselaer 362 
Trumansburg, Seneca 380 
Tnixton or Fabms, Courtlandt 373 
Tully, Onondaga 
Turin, Lewis 452 
Una<lilla, Os'Cge 337 
Unicorn, Broome 296 
Union Springs, Cayuga 411 
Utic.a, Oneda 392 
Vernon, Oneida 401 
Vernon, Sussex 256 
Verona, Oneida 415 
Victor, Ontario 375 
Virgil, Courtlandt 364 
Wailkill, Orange 265 
Walton, Delaware 350 
Wapponger's Creek, Duchess 31'5 
Ward's Bridi^e, Orange 278 
Wardw'dl, Jefferson 
Warren, Herkimer 425 
Wursaw, Genesee 413 
Waierville, Delaw..re 381 
Warwick, Orange 250 
Washington, Duchess 33© 
M 



8-1 

Waterford, Saratoga 366 Whitesboro, Oneida 596 

Wiitertowii, .leflTcrson 472 Williamston Oneida 470 

West Ulooiufifld, Ontario 277 WilliamsviUe, Niagara 470 

West Farms, West Chester 239 Wdlink, Niagara 449 

Weslhufnpton, Suffolk 313 Wdlsboro', Essex 487 

West Nortli Kast, Uuchess 346 Wilna, Jefferson 464 

West Poini, Orange Windham, Greene 352 

West I'ort, Essex 471 Wolcott, Cuyiiga 

West lliver, Oiita;-io 363 Woodstock, Ulster 

West Town, Orange 276 Worcester, Otsego 

White Hall, VVashin;;toii 427 Younker's, West Chester247 

White Lake, Sullivan 305 Youngstown, Niagara. 
Wliite Plains, West Chester 256 



NEW JERSEY. 

Situation. Between 38° 56' and 41° 20' N. lat. 
and 1° 33' and 3° 5' E. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, New York. South, 
Delaware Bay. East, New York, and the Atlan- 
tic Ocean. West, Pennsylvania and Delaware. 

Extent. 138 miles long, and 50 miles broad. 

,Area. 6f)0 square miles, or 4.321,000 acres. 

Face of the country. On the sea coast sandy 
and level. In the interior agreeably uneven. To 
the north-west high lands approaching to moun- 
tains. 

Rivers. Delaware, Rjiriton, Passaic, Hackensac. 

Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, gypsum, coal, and 
slate. 

Soil. About one fourth sandy and barren. There 
is much good land in the interior, and among the 
mountains there are fertile valleys. 

Produce. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, Indian corn, 
fruit, &c. 

Climate. To the north, the weather is clear and 
settled, but the winters very cold. To the south 
and east, it is very changeable, and the summers 
are hot and sultry. 



85 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Townships. 


Bergen 


7 


Burlington 


12 


Cape M&y 


3 


Cumberland 


8 


Essex 


10 


Gloucester 


10 


Hunterdon 


10 


Middlesex 


8 


Monmouth 


7 


Morris 


10 


Salem 


9 


Somerset 


7 


Sussex 


15 



Pofiulation. 
16,603 
24,979 
3,632 
12.670 
. 25,984 
19744 
24,553 

20 381 
22,150 

21 828 
12,761 
14,728 
25,549 



Chief Towns and Population. 
Hackensac tp. 1 958 
BurlmgtoH tp. 2,419 
C H. 

Bri'.'getown 
Newark tp. 8,008 
Gloucester ip. 1,726 
Tkentost tp. 3,002 
New Brunswick tp. 6,312 
Freehold tp. 4,784 
Morristown tp. 3,753 
Salem 929 
Boundbrook 
Newtown tp. 2,082 



13 



116 



245,562 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JK'OTE. — The first name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the CourUy, the figures denote the distance from 
Wasldngton. 



Absecombe, Gloucester 209 
Allentown, Monmouth 178 
Amboy, Middlesex 215 
Amwell, Himierdon 215 
Acquackanock, Essex 226 
Asbury, Sussex 199 
Augusta, Sussex 224 
Bargaintown, Gloucester 194 
Baskenridge, Somerset 219 
Belleville, Essex 227 
Belvidere, Sussex 208 
Berkshire Valley, Morris 218 
BUiCk Horse, Burlington 173 
Bloomfield, Essex 222 
Bloomsbury, Hunterdon 200 
Booneton, Morns 244 
Bop 'entown, Burlington 174 
Bottle Hdl, Morris 231 
Boundbrook, Somerset 200 
Brick House. Sussex 377 
Bridgetown, Cumberland 173 
Burlington, Burlington 162 
Cape May c. h.. Cape May 218 
Cedarvjlle, Cumberland 191 
Chatham, Morris 228 
Chester, Morris 245 
Coldspring, Cape May 228 
Cooper's Ferry, Gloucester 141 
Cranberry, Middlesex 190 
Deckerstown, Sussex 217 
Deerfield street, Cumberland 176 
Denjiis's Creek, Cape May 208 



Dividing Creek, Cumberland 200 
Elizabethtown, Essex 211 
Evesham, Burlmgton 151 
Fairtown, Cumberland 187 
Flemington, Hunterdon 193 
Foster's Ferry, Sussex 240 
Freehold, Monmouth 208 
Greenwich, Cumberland 187 
H:ickensack, Bergen 244 
Hucket's Town, Sussex 235 
Haboken, Bergen 231 
Haddonfield, Gloucester 144 
Hamburg, Sussex 249 
Hancock, Sal m 177 
Hanover, Morris 238 
Harmony, Sussex 203 
Hope, Sussex 220 
Hunt's Mills, Hunterdon 
Jersey City. Bergen 226 
Jobstown, Burlington 173 
Johnsonsburg, Sussex 226 
Knowlston's Mills, Sussex 218 
Lebanon, Hunterdon 225 
Lockwood, Sussex 
Lower Somer's Point, Gloucester 

202 
Mansfield, Sussex 206 
May's Landing, Gloucester 185 
Mendham, Morris 226 
Middletown, Monmouth 256 
Millville, Cumberland 188 
Moorestown, Burlington 151 



a6 



Morristown, Morris 2o,> 
Mount Holly, lUirrmgvon 159 
Muilico Hill, (;iouresier 155 
Newark, Essrx 217 
Newht-rry, Burlinj^ton 186 
New Briinswi'k, MiddlesfX 194 
New Eg\pt, Mnnmoiifli 182 
New Gennantol^n, Mniiierdon 208 
Npsv Hampton, HiinVerdon 204 
New Mdls, Burlini'ton 165 
N.wpoi-!, Cunibrrland 
New Providence, Ksscx 219 
Newiown, Sussex 221 
New Vei'iion, Morris 240 
Old Brd^e, Middlesex 205 
Oiun.m , Essex 221 
Pai'sippany, Morris 
Patterson Essex 254 
Pittsgrove, fSaleiii 181 
Piitsion, Hunterdon 198 
Plainfield, Essex 21 » 
Pluckemin, Somerset 201 
Pompton, Morris 262 
Port Eiizal)pth, Cumberland 196 
Pi inceton, Someisel 178 
Railway, Essex 206 
Kingo's, Hunterdon 177 



Rockaway, Morris 242 
Salem, Salem 172 
Schooly Mount, Morris 240 
Scotch Plams, Essex 215 
Shitrptown, Salem 166 
Shrewsbury, Monmouth 222 
Somerset c. h., Somers* ' 19S 
Sooy's Inn, Burlmgion 169 
Sparla, Sussi x 229 
Springfield, Essex 223 
Stanhope, Morris 233 
S'dl V lley, Sussex ' 
Suil Water, Sussex 231 
Stoikholm, Morris 275 
Sucka.sunny, Morris 2.>9 
Sweedsboro', Gloucester 158 
Tren'on, Hnmerdon 1()7 
Tut k'. rton, B irlmgion 193 
Van Syckles', Hunterdon 175 
Wusliington, Mnriis 216 
We si field, Essex 223 
Wevuioiith P'urnace, Gloucester 

177 
WiK)dbridge, Middlesex 210 
Woodbury, Gloucester I5l 
Woodstown, Salem 161 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Situation. Between 39° -13' and 43° N. lat. and 
2° 20' E. and 3° 30' W. Ions;. 

Bouvdaries. On the north. New York and Lake 
Erie. South, Delaware, Maryland, and Virj^iuia. 
East, New York and New Jersey. West, Ohio 
and Virginia. 

Kxtent. From north to south, 153 miles; from 
oa$«t to west 273 miles. 

Jlrea. 24,500 square miles, or 37,200.000 acres. 

Face of the country. South-east part, undulat- 
ing, swelling sometimes to considerahle hills. 
Middle, mountainous. To the north and west, is 
an elevated country, abounding in hills, valleys, 
and rich scenery. 



PIllIaAHELPHIA 
a It d- 

ADJACENT COUNTEY. 




87 

Mivers. Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, Susque- 
hanna, Juoiatta, Alleghan^', Monongaliela, Youg- 
hiogheny, and Ohio. 

Minerals. Iron, coal, marhle, free-stone, lime- 
stone, and some copper and lead. 

Soil. To the east of the m(»untains generally 
good, among the mountains rough, and much of 
it poor. To the west of the mountains, general- 
ly excellent. 

Produce. Grain, grass, vegetables, and fruit in 
great profusion. 

Climate. To the east of the mountains, change- 
able. Among the mountains, clear and settled, 
with cold winters. To the westward temperate. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. To-wnships. Popnhition. 

Adams 18 15,152 

Alleghany 15 25,317 

Armsirong' 7 6,143 

Beaver 12 12,168 

Bedford 15 1 5,746 

B«iks oo 43,146 

• Bradford (Late Omario) 

Bucks 29 32,371 

Butler 13 7,346 

Cambria 3 2,117 

Centre 11 10,681 

Chester 40 39,596 

Clearfield 1 875 

• Columbia (from Northumberland) 
Crawford 14 6.178 
Cumberland 18 26,757 
Diuiphin 15 31,883 
DeUware 21 14,734 
Erie 14 3,758 
Fayette 19 24,714 
Franklin 14 23,083 
Greene 10 12,544 
Himiingdon 18 14,778 
Indiana 7 6,214 
Jefferson 1 161 
Lai'caster 25 53,927 

* Lebanon (from Dauphin) 

* Lehigh (from Nortiiampton) 



Chief Towns and Population. 
Gettysburg 
Pittsburg 4,768 
Kiianing 309 
Beaver 426 
Bedford 547 
Reading tp. 3,462 
Meansville 
Doylestown 
Butler tp 458 
Ebensburg 75 
Bellefon''303 
West Chester 471 

Clearfi. Id tp. 875 
Danville 

Meadville 457 

Carlisle 2,491 

Harhisbchg tp. 2,287 

Chestt r 1,056 

Erie 394 

Union 999 

Chambeisburg 2,008 

Greene tp 1,708 

Huninigdon 676 

Indian;. 200 

Jeffeison tp 161 

Liinciister 5,405 

L( b non 

Nurthanipton 



88 



Luzerne 


29 


18.109 


Wilkesbarre 1,225 


Lycoming 


18 


11.006 


Williamsport 344 


M Kean 


1 


142 


Smethpon 


M( i-cer 


16 


8,277 


Mercer 


Miffln 


9 


12,132 


Lewistown 474 


Montgomery 


30 


29,703 


Nornstown 1,336 


Northampton 


32 


38,145 


Eason 


Northumberland 


26 


36,327 


Siinbury 


Philadelphia 


18 


111,200 


C Philadelphia City 92,866 
I Do. County 18,344 


Potter 


1 


29 


Cowde.-sport 


• Pike 


1 




Milford 83 


• Schuylkill 






Orwigsburg 


Somerset 


15 


11,284 


Somerset 489 


• Susquehanna 






Montrose 


Tioga 


2 


1,687 


W"llsborough 


* Union 






New Berlin 


Venango 


8 


3,060 


Frunkl n 159 


Warren 


2 


827 


Wi.rren 


Washington 


23 


36,289 


Washington 1,301 


Wayne 


12 


4.125 


Bethany 


Westmoreland 


14 


26,392 


Grecnsb: rg 685 


York 


22 


31,958 


York 2,847 



50 



651 



810,091 



* Laid out since last Census. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

J\rOTE. — The first name in the foUo-wing list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the Cowily, the figures denote the distance from 
Wasldngton. 



Aaronsburg, Centre 204 
Abbottstown, Adams 86 
Abington, Luzerne 254 
Adams, D;uiphin 133 
Alexandria, Huntingdon 162 
AUentown, Nonhamp'on 184 
Amity, Washington 255 
Andalusia, Burks 143 
Anville, Lebanon 130 
Armagh, Indiana 170 
Asylum, Luzerne 284 
Athens, Bradford 305 
Attleboro, Bucks 164 
Bachelor's Hall, Tioga 242 
Bath, NorthumberKind 173 
Beach Grove, Luzerne 204 
Bear Gap, Northumberland 182 
Beavertown, Beaver 253 
Bedford, Bedford 129 
Beelin's Ferry, Cumberland 144 
Bellefont, Centre 189 
Belleville, Miffln 139 



Berlin, Adams 89 

Berlin, Somer.sei 194 

Berlinsville Nonhampton 207 

Berwick, Columbia 199 

Bethany, Wavne 279 

Behlehem, Northampton 189 

Big Su},'ar Creek, Crawford 328 

Birmioffham, Centre 213 

Black Horse Tavern, Chester 160 

Black Lick, In. i. ana 199 

Bloody-run, Bedford 191 

Bloom, Columbia 

Bloomsburg, Northumberland 190 

Bi^intrem, Luzerne 266 
Brandywrne Manor, Chester 138 
Bricelands -j- Rsads, Washington 

251 
Bridge water, Luzerne 275 
Bristol, Bucks 157 
Br- ken Straw Creek, Crawford 363 
Brown's Mill, Miffln 161 
Brownsville, Fayette 223 



89 



Buckingham, Bucks 167 
Burgettsiown, Washington 248 
Buifroe's Gap, Hunlingdon 209 
Botler. Butler 230 
Caernarvon, see Earl, 134 
Canoe Camp, Tioga 240 
Cannonsburg, Washington 244 
Cailisle, Cu ^.berluidlOl • 
Catawisse, Northumberland 184 
Centre Furnace, Ceuire 179 
Chambersburg, Franklin 92 
Chanceford, York 
Charleston, Chester 164 
Chatham, Chester 122 
Cherryville, Northampton 212 
Chesnut Hill, Northampton 220 
Chester, Delaware 122 
Churchtown, Lancaster 137 
Clarke's Ferry, Cumberland 128 
ClarksNille, G.eene 264 
Clifford, Ltizerne 274 
Coatsviiie, Chester 144 
Cochranville, Chester 129 
CoUiiisbuig, Centre 215 
Columbia, Lancaster 98 
Concord, Fiankl.n 124 
Connellsville, Fayette 200 
Conyngham, Luzerne 210 
Cooistovvn, Berks 161 



Fairfield op Millers> Adams 83 
Fair View, Erse 422 
Fannetsburg, Franklm 109 
Fork's Oil Creek, Crawford 340 
Free port, Armstrong 220 
Fianktbrd, Philadelphia 142 
Franklin, Venango 287 
Fn-dericktown, Washmgton 261 
Fruitstown, Lycoming 189 
Gup. Lancaster 124 
Gapton, see Wind.;ap 
Gebhart's, Somerset 175 
Georgetown, Beaver 265 
Gerniantown, Philadelphia 143 
Gettysburg, Adams 75 
Gibson, Susquehanna 275 
Grecncastle Franklin 81 
Greensburg, W^estmoreland 192 
Greensburg, Greene 236 
Griersburg, Beaver 265 
Halifax, Dtuphin 131 
Hamburg, Berks 159 
Hanover, York 80 
Harmony, Butler 286 
Harrisburg, Daiiphm 113 
Hartford, Susquehanna 285 
Harileton, Union 123 
Hartless, Bedford 
Harlsville, 



Cornwall Furnace, Lancaster 136 Ha'boro, Montgomery 157 

Croghaii's Gap, Cumberland Hickory, Washington 274 
Crooked Creek Bridge, Armstrong Hincletowii, Lancaster 128 

196 Hollidaysburg, Huntingdon 184 

Danville, Columbia 276 Hoimesburg, Philadelphia 147 

Darby, Delaware 130 Hop Bottom, Luzerne 270 

Dillsburgh, York 96 Hopewell, Bedford 

Dill's Ferry, Northampton Horseh:im Meeting House, Mont- 
Dingman's IVny, Piki 249 gomery 159 

Douglass's Mills, Cumberland 125 Holingsburg, Armstrong 336 

Dover, York 93 Hulmeville, Bucks 185 

Downingstovv 11, Chester 132 Hummelstown, D.aiphin 122 

Doylestovvn, Bucks 163 Hunlingdon, Hun ingdon 154 

Drake's Ferry, Huntingdon 142 Indiana, Indiana 186 



Driitiiore, Liincaster 123 
Dunnsburg, Lycoming 2l0 
Durltam, Bucks 192 
Duiotsburg, Northampton 220 
Earl, Lancaster 
Easton, Northampton 195 
East Whlteland, Chester 138 
Ebensburg, Cambria 190 
Elizabethtown, Lancaster 111 
Emans, Northampton 179 
Ephrata, Lancaster 124 
Erie or Presque Isle, Erie 354 
Erwinna, Bucks 184 
Exeter, Luzerne 237 



Jefferson, Greene 238 
Jenkiiito« n, Montgomery 147 
Jenntr, Somerset 203 
Jersey Shore, Lycoming 218 
Jerseytown, Columbia 186 
Johnston, Cambria 158 
Jonestown, Lebanon 140 
Kennet's Square, Chester 130 
Kingston, Luzerne 228 
K.rksmills, Lancaster 124 
Kit;aning, Armstrong 214 
Kreidersville, Northampton 199 
Lackawaxen, Wayne 268 
Lancaster, Lancaster 108 



90 



Landisburg, CiimbeplancI 113 
Laii^hlini'in, VVt-stmorelaiid 175 
Lausanne, Norihampton 221 
Luvvsvillc, S'.sqiithann;!. 288 
L- i.cock, Lancaster 125 
Lebanon, Lebanon 133 
L< high Gap. Northampton 209 
Levt iinjjs, Pli ladelphia 156 
Lewisburji;', York 
Lewisixirg, Unioti 173 
LewiMoii, M ffliii 154 
Lisbnrn, Cumijei'huifl 110 
Litiz, Lancaster 116 
Liverpool, Cumberland 147 
Londonderry, Chester 128 
Londongrove, Chester 126 
Londontown, Franklin 101 
Lower Smithfield P.ke 258 
Loyal Lock Gap, Northumberland 

190 
M'Veytown,M fflin 154 
M'Connelsbiirg, Bedlord 95 
Alanlif-ini, Lauca^ttr 113 
Marcus Hook Delaware 121 
Marielta, Luncasitr 110 
Marshall's Mills, Hnntingdon 170 
Marsli.dton, v heser 129 
Martin's Creek, North;impton 232 
Mary Ann Forge, Somerset 171 
Meadville, Crawford 312 
Meansville, Bradford 
Mechanicshurg, Cumberland 111 
Mercer's, Mercer 262 
Mercersbing, Franklin 195 
MerriMsiown, Fayette 227 
Mexico. M.ffli,: 140 
Middleboro, Wayne 232 
Middleburg. Union 170 
MirMIe own, D.uphm 103 
M ffl fiburg, Union 188 
M'fflinlown, Mifflin 142 
Milcsburg Mifflin 192 
Milford, P.ke 241 
Millerstown, Cumberland 128 
Mill Hall, Cenne 200 
M'l'on, Northiimht riand 176 
Montgomery, Montgomery 158 
Mo^gantown, Berks 142 
Morrison's Foige, Cambria 207 
Monisville, Bucks 166 
Mount Jarkbon, 

Mo.int Pleasunt.Westmoreland 204 
Mount Pleasant, Lancasti r 120 
Mount Pleasant, W.yne 279 
Muncey, Lycomi lu' 190 
M.inster, Cambria 
Murray's Mills, Westmoreland 215 



Myer's Town, Lebanon 137 
Nazareth, Nonhampion 196 
Nescoptck, Luzerne 200 
New Alexandria, Westmoreland 

201 
New Berlin, Union 174 
New Castle, Mercer 279 
New Garden, Chester 123 
New Geneva, Fayette 226 
New Holland, Lancaster 130 
New Hope, Bu ks 171 
New London -\- Roads, Chester 

115 
New Mdford, Susquehanna 279 
Newtown, Bucks 168 
NewviUe, Cumberland 142 
Norristown, Montgomery 166 
Northampion, Lehigh 189 
North East, Erie 413 
Northumberland, Northumberland 

164 
Oil Creek, Crawford 
Old Sheshequin, Lycoming 305 
Oi well, Bradford 296 
Orwigsbiirg, Schuylkill 170 
Oitsville, Bucks 183 
Oxford, Adams 85 
Oxford, Chester 108 
Painter's Cross Roads, Delaware 
Palniyra, Lebanon 128 
Paradise, Ltncaster 133 
Parkinson's Ferry, Wi.shmgton 225 
Peach Bottom, York 
Penn's Vallt-y, Centre 
Petersburg, Adams 77 
Philadelphia, Ph ladelphia 137 
Phillipsb' rg C. ntre 213 
Puie Grove Muis, Cen re 174 
Pittsb..rg, AUigh.ny 225 
Pittston, Ltizenie 234 
Plumsieail, Bucks 170 
Plymouth, Luztrne 214 
Potter's Mills, Ontrt. 176 
Poll's Gro\e, Momgonury 149 
Presque Isle, see Erie 
P ovidtncc. Luztrnt- 244 
PMghtuwn, Chesii r 152 
Putnam's, Tioga 252 
Quakeiio«n, Bi ik-- 174 
Readin , Berks 143 
R adsboro. Clearfi. 1 227 
ReaHiS own, Lancasur 128 
Rlchni' nd Nor hampion 220 
Ribhs'own, Wes moreland2l?' 
Rosebur\, Ar.rs n.ng 
Rossv I ,^, Yoik 98 
Round Hill, 



91 



Salem, Wayne 261 
Salem Cross Roads, Westmore- 
land 253 
Salsbury, Lancaster 121 
Salisbury, Somerset 178 
Samona, Noriiiampton 181 
Sciiellsbiirg, Bedford 160 
Selinsf^rove, Union 158 
Seller's Tavern, Bucks 166 
Shade Furnace, Somerset 165 
Shesliequin, Bradford 298 
Sjiippensburg, C imberland 103 
Shirleysburg, Huntingdon 134 
Shrewsbury, York 
Silver Lake, Susquehanna 285 
Smithfit-ld, Fayette 236 
Smythfield, Somerset 193 
Somerset, Somerset 167 
Somerset Forge, Somerset 191 
Spread Eagle, Delaware 148 
Spnugville, Susquehanna 261 
Stewartsville, 

Stoddertsville, Luzerne 241 
Stoyestown. Somerset 157 
Strasburg, Franklin 102 
Strasburg, LHUcaster 116 
Stroudsburg, Northampton 223 
Stuartsburg, Westmoreland 235 
Sumanytown, Montgomery 160 
Sunbury, Northumberland 164 
Swamp Churches, Montgomery 

153 
Thompson's, Cumberland 
Thompsontown, Mifflin 133 
Tiogi., Tioga 262 
Trap, Montgomery 160 
Tunckhannock, Luzerne 252 
Turkyfoot, Somerset 
Tuscarora Valley, Miffl.n 143 
Union Town, Fayette 211 
Venango, Armstrong 316 



Walker sville. Centre 199 
Warm Springs, York 
Warren, Warren 378 
Warren, Bradford 306 
Washingtrm, Washington 245 
Washington, Northumberland 184 
Watertord, Erie 339 
Waterford. Mtffln 134 
Waikinsvilie, Centre 199 
Waynesborough, Greene 246 
Waynesburg, Franklin 90 
Waynesburg, Chester 136 
Webster's Store, Lancaster 115 
Wellsboro, Tio^<a 245 
West Alexandria. Washington 266 
West Chester, Chester 142 
West Middleton, Washington 260 
Wheat Plams, Wayne 220 
White Deer, Lycoming 
Whitehoise, Huntingdon 123 
White Marsli, Montgomery 152 
Wilkesbai'rt, Luzerne 225 
Williamsburg, Huntingdon 172 
Williamsport, Lycoming 197 
Williamstowii, Lancaster 
Willinghoro, Susquehanna 293 
Willov^' Grove, Montgomery 154 
Wilson's, Westmoreland 253 
Wmdgap, Northampton 204 
^' uulsor, York 
Womelsdorf, Bi-rks 144 
Wnghtsville, York 
Wyalusing, Luzerne 276 
Wysox, Luzerne 290 
Yellow Springs, Huntingdon 177 
York, York 86 
York Haven, York 96 
York Sulphur Sprmgs, Adams 99 
Youngstown, 184 
Zelienople or Harmony, Butler 287 



DELAWARE. 



Situation. Between 38° 2Q' and 39® 48' N. lat. 
and 1° 18' and 1° 58' E. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Pennsylvania. South, 
Maryland. East, Delaware bay and Atlantic 
Ocean. West, Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

Extent. From north to south, 90 miles; from 
east to west; 25 miles. 

N 



9S 

^rea. About 1,700 square miles, or 1,088,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Lower part level and 
swampy. To the north, more elevated, and at 
the extremity, hilly. 

Rivers. Delaware, Brandy wine Creek, Chris- 
tiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, Gra- 
velly Creek and Indian River. 

Minerals. Iron. 

Soil. In the south sandy, in the north clay and 
loam. 

Produce. Wheat is the staple. Grain, grass, 
fruit. 

Climate. In the south, warm and humid. North^ 
agreeable and healthy. 

TOPOGRAPTIICAL TABLE. 



Counties. Hmdreds. Population. Chief To~uns and Population. 

Kenl 5 20,495 Dover 8CiU 

N. w Castle 9 24 429 Wilmm.^ion 4 406 

Sussex 11 27.750 Gt.org,eto\vn 400 



3 25 72,674 

LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JsTOTE. — The first name in the follotving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures point out the distance from 
Washiugion. 

Bridge Branch or Bridgeville, Lewistown, Sussex 150 

Sussex 132 Middlf'ovvn, Ntw Ciistle 113 

Canterbury, Keni 126 Milford. Ktut 114 

CaniweU's Bn. lire, New Castle 116 Millsboro, Sussex 138 

Christi.na, New Casile 100 Milon or Broad Kd!, Sussex 138 

Camdeis Kent 132 New Castle, New Castle 116 

Concord Sussex 143 New Aik, New Castle 105 

Dagsboro, Sussex 144 Newport, New Castle 106 

Dover, Keni 135 Sinvrna, Kent 123 

Fredencii, Ken 122 S' 'Gev>r.e's, New Castle 140 

Georgeiown, Sussex 130 Wlnteleysburg, Kent 112 

Laurel, Sussex 149 Wilminglon, New Castle 110 



ail- d 

^in.J.ICENT couxritT. 




93 



MARYLAND. 

Situation. Between 38° and 39° 43' N. lat. and 
S° E. anri 2° 30' W.. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Pennsylvania. South, 
Virj^inia. Easf, Delaware and Atlantic Ocean. 
West, Virginia. 

Extent. From north to south, 90 miles; from 
east to west, 198 miles. 

Jlrea. 10,800 square miles, or 6,912.000 acres. 

Face of the country. Reniarkahly variegated. 
Eastern shore, low, level, and sandy. Middle, 
hilly. Western part, mountainous^ 

liivers. Siisqnehannah and Chesapeake, Poto- 
mac, Pafapsfo, Patuxent, Eik, Sassafras, Chester, 
Choptank, Nanticake, and Pocoraoke. 

Minerals. Iron ore, some coal. 

Soil. Various. On the east, low and sandy, but 
interspersed with rich meadows. Among the 
mountains, similar to the mountainous district of 
Pennsylvania. 

Produce. Wheat is the staple. Grain, grass, 
fruit, tobacce), and some cotton. 

Climate. On the eastern shore, warm and hu- 
mid, improving towards the interior. Auiung lh&. 
mountains delightful. 

TOPOGJiAPHiCAL TABLE. 

C(miities. Pjfm'ution. C'liff Tw is und Population. 

AUei-^hany 6,909 CumberL.nd 

Ann Ar iiidel 26,668 Annapolis 2.000 

Baliiii.ore 29,255"| 

Do. City 55 583 I „ .^. ... ,-« 

E. precincts of do. • 4,050 ^ B'^ltimore 46,554 

W. do. 6,922j 

Cecil 13,066 Elktou 



94< 



Calvert 


8,005 


St. Leonards 


Caroline 


9,458 


Denton 


Charles 


20,245 


Port Tobacco 


Dorchester 


18,108 


Cambridge 


Frederick 


34,437 


Fredencktown 4,500 


Ifarford 


21,258 


Harford 


Kent 


11,450 


Chester 


Montgomery 


17,980 


Unity 


Prince George 


20,589 


Marlborough 


Queen Ann's 


16.648 


Centreville 


St. Vlary's 


12,794 


Leonard T. 


Somerset 


17,195 


Princess Ann 


Talbot 


14,230 


Easton 


Washington 


18,730 


Elizabeth-tovvn 


Worcester 


16,971 


Snow Hill 



19 



380,546 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



J\i'OTE. — The first name in the fMoxving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is tite 7iame of the Counlij, the figures denote the distance from 
Wasldtigtun. 



Aquasco, Prince George 38 
AlleastVesh, Charles 43 
Annapolis, Ann Arundel 40 
BaUitnoe, Baltimore 38 
Bel Air, Haiford 68 
Benedict, Charles 48 
Big Springs, Wasinngton 85 
Bladenshurg, Prince George 6 
Boonshoro, VVashinglon 60 
Brick Meeting House, Cecd 102 
Broad Creek, Queen Ann's 50 
BrookviUe, Montgomery 22 
Cambridge, Dorchester 97 
CentrevilU-. Quen Ann's 71 
Chapwco, St Mary's 53 
Charlutt. W !!, St'. Mary's 56 
Chesa])eake Town, Cecil 100 
Chester Town, Kent 80 
Church Hill, Queen Ann's 80 
Clarksburg, Montgomery 28 
Colesvilie, Montgomery 
Cresapsburg, Allegiiany 149 
Crugerstowri, Frederick 55 
Cumberliund, \lleghany 155 
Damascus, .Montgomery 22 
Denton, Caroline 85 
Dublin, Harford 78 
Easton, Talbot 81 
Elizaoethtown, see Hagerstown 
Elkton, Cecil 90 
Ellicoti's, Baltimore 48 
Fiinittsburg, Frederick 66 



Fredericktown, Frederick 43 
Friendship, Ann Anmdi-1 78 
Funkstown, Washmgion 68 
Georgetown Cross Roads, Kent 95 
Gracehaui, Frederick 81 
Great Mills, Si Mark's J7 
Greensboro, Caroline 103 
Gimpowder, Baiiimore 50 
H-iK-^istinvM Washington 70 
Hancock, W.ishington 103 
Hr.r»ord, Harfoid 62 
Havre de Gi\.ce, Harford 73 
Head ot Chester, K -nl 103 
Head of Sass^ifr^is, Kent 106 
Hiilsboro, Caroline 79 
H.ll Top, Charles 44 
Hull's + l{o;.ds, Harford 
Hunting;own, Caiver 98 
Hyattstown, Montgomery 32 
Jon:isvilie, Alleghany 171 
Kingston, Somerset 163 
Leonard town, St. Mark's 65' 
Liberty town, Fiedenrk 55 
Loveton, Baltimore 55 
Lower Marlboro, Calvert 88 
Magrnder's, P' met George 14 
Manchester, Baltimore 68 
Mechanic's Town, Frederick 84 
Middlebrook Mills, .Montgomery22 
Middlehurg, Frederick 72 
Middlctowii, Frederick 52 
Montgomery c. h., Montgomery 15 



95 



Nanjamoy, Charles 56 
New Miiiket, Frederick 38 
New Port, Charles 45 
Newtown (Trap), Frederick 51 
Newtown (W.), Wor; ester 167 
Nine Bridges, Queen Ann's 114 
North East, Cecil 84 
Nottingham, Prince George 28 
Old town, Alleghany 140 
Petersville, Frederick 56 
Pig Point, Ann Arundel 62 
Pikesville, Baltimore 
Piscataway, Prince George 18 
Poole's Store, Montgomery 23 
Poplar Springs, Ann Arundel 48 
Poplar Town or Trap, Worcester 

186 
Port Deposit, Cecil 
Port Tobacco, Charles 34 
Princess Ann, Somerset 153 
Puncli Hall, Caroline 114 
Queen Ann, Pr nee George 27 
Qiieenstown, Queen Ann's 64 
Quantico Mdls, Somerset 136 
Ueistertown. Baltimore 54 
Ridge, St. MHr\'s 97 
Rising Sun, Cecil 106 
Rock Hall. Kent 68 
Rockville, Montf,^omery 15 
Salisbury, Somerset 137 
Sandy Spring, Montgomery 



Savintown, Cecil 110 
Sharpsburg, Washington 67 
Simpsonville, Montgomery 8 
Snowhill, Worcester 173 
St. Inigoe's, St. Mary's 93 
St. Leonard's, Calvert 112 
St. Martin's, Worcester 157 
St. Michaels, Talbot 69 
Sudler's Cross Roads, QueenAnn's 

109 
Taneyton, Frederick 67 
Tracey's Landing, Ann Arundel 72 
Trappe, Talbot 95 
Triudelphia, Montgomery 26 
Union Bridge, Frederick 62 
Union Mills, Frederick 74 
Union Town, Frederick 66 
Upper M.irlboro, Prince George 18 
Vansville. Prince George 14 
Vienna, Dorchester 121 
Warwick, Cecil 109 
Welby, Prince George 8 
Western Port, Alleghany 142 
Westminster, Frederick 66 
West River, Ann Arundel 
White Haven, Somerset 144 
Williamsport, W.ishington 78 
Wise'sburg, Baltimore 62 
Woodsboro, Frederick 56 
Wyt Mills, Talbot 94 
Yox Glades, Alleghany 149. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



J^ote. — The Disliict of Columbia was ceded to 
the United States, by the states ol" Maryland and 
Vii'iiinia ; and in the year 1800 it became the seat 
of the general government. It is heantifully sifuaied 
on Imth sides of the Potorunc River, and ab()un<ls 
with eleicani pro<.pect.»<. The gr^-at leading feature 
in the faee of the ronntry is the Potomac River, 
and the hii;;h lan<ts !o ihe westward. The dis- 
tritM ub: -.jiHis with smali streams an<l springs of 
water, vv hirh ar • very tiselul for watering tht city 
antil 30* niaeiiner;*. 'Die Capit(jl is elegantly 
situated upuu an eoiiueuce of seveuty-eigiil feet, 



95 

anfl commands a delightful prospect. West from 
this, ahout a mile, is the President's House, a 
slati'ly mansion, commanding a fine view of tlie 
liver and adjacent country. On the one side of 
the Prtsident's House is the Treasury Office, and 
on the other side a similar building which accom- 
modates the Offices of State, the War Depart- 
ment, and the Naval Department. These elegant 
buiUlin2;s were burnt in the late war; but the last 
mentioned offices have been rebuilt, and the Capi- 
tol an<l President's House are repairing, and will 
be more splendid than ever. The Post Office 
holds a commanding situation on a rising ground 
between the President's House and Capitol. The 
Barracks are situated about a mile east of the Ca- 
pitol, and the Navy Yard is on the eastern branch 
of tl»e Putoinac. 

Georgetown is handsomely situated to the west 
of tlie city, and Alexandria is on tiie west bank of 
the river, in the lower part of the district. The 
city is laid out on an elei^ant plan; but a small 
portion of it only is built. The removal of the 
seat of government wus an experiment, in the suc- 
cess of which confidence fcu' a considerable period 
was not reposed ; but the late Jierij trial brought 
the (juesiiou to issue. Tiiere now remains no 
doubt but the seat of governnjenl is firmly fixed 
here, and the chance is that the district will rapid- 
ly impiove. 

Situation. Between 38° 48' and SS"" 59' N. lat. 
and 7' K. and 7' W. long. The Capitol is about 
77^ 0' 2i" VV^est from London. 



97 

Boundaries. On the north-east, south-east, and 
partly north-west, Maryland. On the south-west 
and partly north-west, Virginia. 

Extent. 10 miles square. 

,Area. 100 square miles, or 64?,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Elegantly variegated ; 
abounding with beautiful prospects. 

Rivers. Ptitomac, Tiber Creek, Reedy Creek, 
Rock Creek, and Four Mile Run. 

Soil. Thin and sandy, but susceptible of great 
improvement. 

Climate. Spring variable, summer pretty warm, 
autumn agreeable, winter variable, often very cold. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 
Washingion City ... 
Georgetown ... 
Washington County, exclusive of the City 7 
and Georgetown - - j 
Alexandria .... 
Alexandria County, exclusive of the town 


Popnilation. 
8,208 
4,948 

2,315 

7,227 
1,325 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JVOTE. — T/w first nmne in the following list is the name of the Post Office^ 
the second is the name of the Countij, Uie figures denote the distance from 
WasMngton. 

Alexandria, Alexandria 7 Georgetown, Washington 2 



The General Post Office is situated in 
Washington City. 

It may be useful to introduce here the Rates 
OF Postage throughout the United States. 



98 



Sivgle Letters. 

Any distance not exceeding 30 miles 6 cents. 
Over 30 and not exceeding SO 10 

Over 80 and not exceeding 150 13-| 

Over 150 and not exceeding 400 181 

Over 400 - - 2d 

Double, Triple, and Quadruple Letters, are 
charged at double, triple, and quadruple those 
rates. 

Packets composed of four or more pieces of 
paper, and weighing one ounce, are charged with 
single postage, for every quarter of an ounce ; ex- 
cept letters conveyed by water mails, which are 
not to be charged with more than quadruple post- 
age, unless the packets actually contain more thaa 
four distinct letters. 

J^ewspapers not exceeding 100 miles 1 cent 
Do. above 100 1| 

But if carried to any Post 
Office in the state in which 
it is printed, whatever be 
the distance, the charge is 1 

Magazines and Pamphlets. 

Per sheet, not exceeding 50 miles 1 cent. 

Over 50 and not exceeding 100 li 

Above 100 S 



99 



VIRGINIA. 

Situation. Between 36° 30' aud 40° 43' N. lat, 
and 1° 40' E. and 6° 20' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Maryland, Pennsyl- 
vania, and Ohio. South, North Carolina and 
Tennessee. East, Maryland and Atlantic Ocean. 
West, Kentucky and Ohio. 

Extent. From north to south, 220 miles; from 
east to west, 370 miles. 

^rea. About 64,000 square miles, or 40,960,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. On the eastern shore, 
level,|interspersed with swamps and meadows. In 
the middle, mountainous, with many rich valleys. 
On the west side, hilly. 

Rivers. Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannock, 
Mattapony, Pamunky, York, James, Rivannah, 
Appomattox, Elizabeth, Nottaway, Meherrin, 
Staunton, Ohio, Sandy, Great Kanhawa, Little 
Kanhawa, Monongahela and Cheat. 

Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, and some cop- 
per, black lead, and gold. 

Soil. In the low part of the state, sandy, but 
rich on the banks of the rivers. Between the head 
of tide waters and the mountains pretty good. The 
mountains poor, but many fertile valleys. West of 
the mountains, generally good. 

Produce. Wheat and tobacco are the staples ; 
corn, rye, barley, buckwheat, hemp, flax, roots, 
grass, fruit, indigo, and some silk. 

Climate. In the low country, summers hot, and 
winters, mild. In the upper country, and among 

o 



100 

the mountains, the air is pure and the weather 
pleasaiu. To the westward, temperate. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 
Accou.o.k 
Albeimrle 
Aiiia.lia 
All lierst 
Au.^iista 
Ba>h 
Bid ford 
Bt . kt-iey 
Bo'evourt 
Bro'ke 
BriMiswick 
Buck:ii^'liam 
Campbell 
Caroline 
Charles City 
Charlolte 
Chesterfield 
Cumberland 
Culpeper 
Cabell 
Dinwiddie 
Elizabeth City 
Essex 
Faquier 
Fan fax 
Fluvanna 
Frederick 
Franklin 
Gloucester 
Goochland 
Grayson 
Greenbrier 
Greensville 
Giles 
Halifax 
Hmipshire 
Hanover 
Hardy 
Harrison 
Ht-nrico 
Henry 

Isle of Wight 
Jaii.es City 
Jefit rson 
Kanhawa 
K ne and Queen 
K'l) ; GfOij,!' 

King William 



Population. 


Chief To'wns and Population. 


15,743 


Drununond 


18,268 


Ciiarlottesvdle 


10,594 




10 548 


New G las ROW 


14,308 


S .union 


4,837 


W.. .ni Springs 


16.148 


L.bcilv 


11,479 


M<tr ins burs' 


13,301 


F.ncastle 700 


5,843 


Charlestown 


15 411 




20,059 


New Canton 


11,001 


Lyncliburj^ 


17,544 

5,186 

13,161 


Port Royal 1,500 


Marysville 


9,979 


Manchester 


9,992 


Cartersville 


18,967 


Fa.rfax 


2,717 




12,524 


Petersburg 5,668 


3,608 


Hampion 


9,376 


Tappahannock 600 


22,689 


Warrenujwn 


13.111 


Cemreville 


4,775 


Columbia 


22.574 


Win.hes er 2,500 


10,724 


Rocky Mount 


10,427 




10,203 




4.941 


Greensville 


5,914 


Lewisburg 


6,858 


Hicksford 


3.745 




22,133 


So'ith Boston 


9,784 


Romney 


15,082 


Hanover 


5,525 


Moorfields 


9.958 


Claikisburg 


9,945 


RicuMONn 9,735 


5,611 


Mart 'nsvi lie 


9,186 


Smilhfield 


9,094 


Williamsburg 1,500 


11,851 


Charlts Town 


3,866 


Charles Town 


10,988 


Dunkirk 


6,454 




9.285 


Delaware 



101 



Lancaster 

iLee 

Loudon 

Lii'iisa 

Lunenburg 

Madison 

M.nhews 

Mecklinburg 

Middlesex 

Moii'-ngalia 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Mason 

Nansemond 

Nt-w Kent 

Norfolk County 

Nor.hampton 

Northumberland 

Not t away 

Nelson 

Ohio 

Orange 

Patrick 

Pendleton 

Pittsylvania 

Powhatan 

Prince Edward 

Princess Anne 

Prmcf Wdliam 

Prince George 

Randolph 

Riciimond 

Rn kbridg'e 

Rockingham 

R.isself 

Shenandoah 

Southampton 

Spo'svlvania 

Stafford 

Surry 

Sussex 

Tazewell 

* Tyler 

Warwick 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

Wood 

Wvthe 

YoVk 

City of Richmond 

Norfolk Borough 

Petersburg 

97 



5,592 
4,694 

21,3.38 

i 1.900 

12,265 
8,381 
4,227 

18,453 
4,414 

1?,793 
5.444 
8,409 
1,991 

10,324 
6,478 

13,679 
7,474 
8,308 
9,278 
9,684 
8,175 

12.323 
4,695 
4 2.39 

17 172 
8,073 

12.409 
9,498 

11,311 
8,0/50 
2,8.'i4 
6,214 

10,318 

12,753 
6,316 

13,646 

13.497 

13,296 
9,830 
6,855 

11,362 
3,007 

1.885 
12,136 
8,102 
3,036 
8,356 
5.187 
9,735 
9,193 
5,668 

974,622 



Kilmarnock 
Jonesville 
Leesburg 400 

Hungary 
Madison 

St. Tammany 
Urbanna 
Morgan Town 
Union Town 
Christiansburg 
Point Pleasant 
S.iflblk 350 
Cumberland 
Norfolk 9,193 

Bridge Town 



Wheeling 
Stannardsville 

Franklin 
Danville 

James Town 

KempsviUe 

Haymarket 

Beverly 

Lexington 400 

Fr.inklin 

Woodstock 

Jerusalem 

Fredericksburg l,.50O 

Falmouth 

Cobham 

Jeffersonville 



Abingdon 
Leeds 
Newport 
Evansham 
York 700 



Laid out since last Census. 



1^ 



LIST OF POST OFFFCES. 

„YOTE. — The Jirst name in the follu-wing list is the natne of the Post OJici, 
the s'coiid is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
Washins^ton. 



Abingdon, Washington 404 
Accomac c. h-, Aci;omac 214 
Aldie, Loudon 35 
Amelia c. h., Amelia 185 
Amherst c- h., Amherst 190 
Amherst Sp., Amherst 211 
Amissville, C'llpeper 86 
Annsville, Dinvviddie 178 
Aq ia, Stafford 42 
Aquia Run Mills, Stafford 48 
Arnold's Old Place, Fauquier 56 
Austinville, Wythe 360 
Aylett's, King Wdliam 120 
Bacon Castle, Surry 197 
Baird's Tavern. B>ickingham 202 
Ballsville, Powhatan 171 
Barber's Fai.qiiier 57 
Barboursville, Orang-e 113 
Barnett's Tavern, Fauquier 59 
Barn Tavern, Southampton 175 
Barrens, Prince William 48 
Bath c. h. or Warm Springs, Bath 

222 
Battletown, Frederick 58 
Bayley's Store, Frederick 82 
Bayleysburg, Southampton 203 
Belleville, Wood 
Bent Creek, Buckingham 222 
Bentlysville, Halifax 275 
Berkeley Sprinirs, Berkeley 110 
Bethlehem -}- Roads, Southamp- 
ton 208 
Beverly or Randolph c. h., Ran- 
dolph 229 
Big Lick, Botetourt 266 
Bl'at ks & Whites, Nottaway 188 
Black Walnut, Halifax 256 
Bloomsburg, Halifax 286 
Bold F untain, Charlotte 253 
Bowler's, Essex 129 
B )wl ng Green, Caroline 80 
Bowyersville, Southampton 224 
Braydon's Store, Loudon 44 
Bradley Hall, Prince William 33 
Bridgeport, Harrison 265 
Broadfield, Westmoreland 90 
Brooke c. h., Brooke 270 
Brownsburg, Rockbridge 196 
Brown's Store, Franklin 261 
Brown's Turnpike, Albemarle 139 
Brvdie's Store, Lunenburg 225 



Buckbannan, Harrison 239 
B ickingham c. h., Buckingham 190 
BuckLnd, Prince William 41 
Buffaloe, Mason 392 
BurtonsviUe, Orange 109 
Cabell 0. h., Cabeir426 
Cat)in Point, Surry 171 
Ca Ira, Cumberland 185 
Callaghan's, Bath 250 
Calland's Store, Pittsylvania 319 
Campbell c. h., Campbell 218 
Carter's Store, Halifax 290 
Cartcrsville, Cumberland 172 
Cassel's Store, Amelia 
Cavesville, Orange 119 
Centreville, Fairfax 23 
Chalk Level, Pittsylvania 256 
Charles City ( . h-, Charles City 153 
Charleston, Jefferson 63 
CharL tte c h., Charlotte 228 
Charlottesville, Albemarle 134 
Chesterfield c. h., Chesterfield 138 
Christianville, Mecklenburg 251 
City Point, Prince George 158 
Clarkesburg, Harrison 227 
Clement Town, Amelia 189 
Clover Dale, Botetourt 207 
Coal Mines, Chesterfield 140 
Cold Stream Mills, Hampshire 100 
Colesville, Chesterfield 154 
Columbia, Fluvanna 151 
Concord, Campbell 220 
Conrad's Store, Rockingham I6l 
Corn's Store, Patrick 
Crab Bottom, Pendleton 210 
Crab Orchard, Washington 366 
Crichton's Store, Brunswick 177 
Crewsville, Hanover 109 
Cross Keys, Southampton 210 
Cuckooville, Louisa 124 
Culpeper c. h,, Culpeper 77 
Cumberland c h , Cumberland 179 
Danielsville, Spottsylvania 78 
Danville, Pittsylvania 291 
Darvill's, Dinwiddle 154 
Davis's, Mecklenburg 218 
Davis's Tavern, Sussex 190 
Deatonsville, Amelia 209 
Deep Creek, Norfolk 236 
D. nnis, Amelia 176 
Dickinson's Store, Caroline 



103 



DickinsonvlUe, Franklin 279 
Dinwiddle c. h.,Dinwiddie 164 
DixviUe, Henry 318 
Double Bridge, Lunenburg 234 
Di)ver Mills, Goochland 144 
Dumfries, Prince William 33 
Dunk.rk, King and Queen 118 
Edmnndsville, Surry 
E>k Marsh, Fauquier 64 
E.k Run Church, Fauquier 79 
FituFax V- h , Fairfax 15 
Fairfield, Bockbrdge 191 
Falling's Waters, Berks.ley 
Falmouth, Si afford 56 



Hadensville, Goochland 140 
Haley's Bridge, Sou.hampton 208 
Haleysburg, Lunenburg 243 
Halifax c.h.. Halifax 263 
Hampstead, King George 90 
Hampton, Elizabeth City 211 
Hanover c. h., Hanover 103 
Hanovertown, Hanover 111 
Harper's Ferry, Jefferson 65 
Harrisonburg or Rockmgham c.h., 

Rockmgham 140 
Harrison's Store, Brunswick 248 
Harrisville, Brunswick 180 
Hart's Store, AlbemarL 149 



Farley Mills, King and Queen 148 Haste River Mills, Culpeper 86 



Firleysville, Charlotte 233 
Farmville, Prince Edward 201 
Farnham, Richmond 146 
Fauquier C. h., Fauquier 51 
Felixville, Cumberland 182 
Ferry Hill, Me klenburg 269 
Field's Mills, B< ui.swick 186 
Finville Mills, Hardy 120 
Fincastle, Botetourt 244 
Fishing Creek, Tyler 326 
Flood's, Buckingham 210 
Fotheringay, Montgomery 
Frankford, Hampshire 119 
Franklm oi Pendleton c. h.. Pen- 

dleton 190 
Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania58 
Frenchton, Dinwiddle 166 
Front Royal, Frederick 92 
Games' -f- Roads, Culpeper 97 
Genito Bridge, Powhatan 159 
Geoge's Tavern, New Kent 147 
Gholsonville, Britnswl' k 200 
Gibson's Store, Fauquier 64 
Giles' c.h., Giles 322 
Glenn's, Glouces er 159 
Gloucester, Gloucester 171 
Goochland c. h., Goochland 131 
Goodwinsville, Dinwiddle 164 
Gordonsville, Orange 115 
Goshen, Loudon 35 
Grandville, Monongalia 212 
Granville Mills. Charles City 141 
Grasiy's Store, Pittsylvania 251 
Grave Creek, Ohio 330 
Grayson c h., Grayson 382 
Great Bridge, Norfolk 239 
Green Hill, Campbell 249 
Green Vallev, Bath 
Greenville, Augusta 185 
Grlmsboy's, Fauquier 
Gum Springs, Orange 78 
Guyandotte, Cabell 423 



HawksbiU Mills, Shenandoah 117 
Hay Market, Prince William 38.^ 
Hendersonville, Nottaway 205 
Hendrick's Store, Bedford 249 
Hermitage, Pr-ince Edward 228 
Hick's Ford, Greenville 192 
HiUsboro', Loudon 51 
Hillshoro', Culpeper 104 
Holiday Cove, Brooke 
HoHinsw'orlh's Ferry, Mason 437 
Hopkinsvllle, Powhatan 143 
Horntown, Accomac 188 
Hot Springs, Bath 231 
Hughesville, Patrick 327 
Hungrytown, Lunenburg 217 
Huttonsvllle, Randolph 233 
InglesvlUe, Montgomery 311 
Isabella Furnace, Shenandoah 138 
Jackson's Mills, Harrison 256 
Jacksonville, Wood 341 
Jacksonville, Hancock 108 
James' City, Madison 90 
Jamestown, Prince Edward 209 
Jeffersonton, Culpeper 62 
Jeffres's Store, Nottaway 206 
Jemappe, Caroline 70 
Jenetoe Bridge, Powhatan 167 
Jerusalem, Southampton 199 
Kanhawa c. h., Kanhawa 364 
Kanhawa Saline, Kanhawa 360 
Kennedy's, Brunswick 201 
Keysville, Charlotte 
Kilmarnock, Lancaster 175 
Kng George c. h., King George 80 
King's Ferry, Monongalia 224 
Kingwood, Monongalia 185 
King and Queen c. h,. King and 

Queen 140 
Klusale, Westmoreland 136 
Kite's Mill, Rockingham 141 
Lancaster c h., Lancaster 168 
Laneaville, King William 146 



Langhorne's Tavern, Cumberland Moorfield, Hardy 123 

185 Moqutson G.p, ScoU 419 

Laurence's, So thamplon 223 Morgansville, Noltaway 182 

Lay on's, Essex 98 Morj^aniown, Monongali» 201 

Lee c. li., Lee 511 Monisville, Fauquier 71 

Leedstown, Westmoreland 98 Mount Hope, Shenandoah 97 
LeesH iig, Loudon 35 Mount Horeb, Nelson 170 

LfW.sbnrg, Greenbrier 273 Mount Laurel, Halifax 248 

Le'vis's Store, Spottsylvaiiia 90 Mount Pleasant, Shenandoah 
LewisviUe, Briins»\ ir.k 202 Mountville, Loudon 

Lexington, Rockbndsre 209 Month of Cow Pasture, Botetourt 

Liberty, Bedford 234 Natural Bridge, Rockbridge 224 

LdU-y Point, Km..' Vdliam 137 New B:.ltimore, Fauquier 45 

Lmdsav's St.)re, A'bemarle 119 Newbern, Montcromery 324 
L "le Cape Capon, Hampshire 109 Newby's Cross Roads, Ctdpeper96^ 

L'^tle Plymouth, Kmg and Queen New Canton, Buckingham 166 

147 New Glasgow Amherst 195 

Lloyd's, Rsse-s 105 New Fniird Mills, Hanover 98 
Ljrnb.ir.iv Grove, Mecklinburg 233 Now Kent c- h., N w K-nt 143 

Loietto, Es.-ex 91 Ni w London, Campbell 219 

Lf'Uisa c It, Louisa 116 New Mtrkei, Kin;r and Queen 

Lov ngion, Nelson 171 New Market Spottsyivania 

L'i'.k.'H's, Orange 122 New M:,>ket, Slunandoah 120 

L'.i •c'i bare, c h, Lunenburg 226 New VJarkti. Pr .ce Wdliam 29 

Lnray, Shenandoah 131 New Store. Buikin.ijham 208 

Lvri iibipr<j, Campbell 206 Newtown, King and Queen 105 

Ai'Karliuid's, L inenb'irff 212 Newt wn, Frederick 75 

M'G>iiiey&t'iwi. R' ckingham 152 Nc w Y'nk, Albemarle 154 

M Whoiter's Mills, Hnrnson 552 Nineveh or Compton's Store, Fre- 
Mailison c. h., Moigan 99 derick 84 

Manchester, Chesierfield 12^ Nol;;nd's Ferry, Loudon 43 

M "sfi. Id, Am. lia 163 Noifolk, Norfolk 229 

Mar.-.iic.llsvilk, Meckiinbnrg 266 Northampton c. h., Northampton 
M. rt nsburg. Be keley 84 257 

Ma* tinsvdle or Henry c- h , Henry Norih End, Matthews 180 

307 Northumberland c h., Northum- 
Marvsville, Campbell 234 berland 156 

Matthews c- h,, M. 'thews 190 North W. R Bridge, Norfolk 251 

Mecklinburg c. h , Mecklinburg Oak Grove, Limenb'rg 210 

297 Oak Hill or Ashe's Store, Fauquier 
Midfilebtook, Augusta 185 65 

M (Idleb rg. Loudon 44 Oak Hill, Me. kiinburg 

M:ddletown, Frederiik 83 0;iks, Hanover 

M ddlewav, JefTcrsun 85 Occoquan, Prince William 23 

MiUl'oro', Bath 221 Offut's, Hampshire 93 

Mill Creek, Berkeley 93 Oidecker's Mills, Frederick 103 

Miller's Tavern, Essex 127 Orange c. h , Orange 104 

Ml 1 F.rui, ' arobne 95 Or.tnge Springs, Orange 92 

M llville, Kmg Georire 90 O, le. n. Fauquier 

Mdlwood, Frederick 64 Otter Bridge, Bedford 245 

Milt 'U, \lbemarle 128 Overall's, Shenandoah 107 

Mo kinson Gap, Washington Owen's T:.vern, Middlesex 

Mononi^aliela Glades, Monongalia Oxford, Caroline 93 

Monroe c h.or Union, Monroe 297 Paddytown. Hampshire 136 

Moni.tfiiie, Essex 133 Paineville, \melia 203 

Montgomery c. h., Montgomery Parham's Stort , Sussex 176 

298 Paris, Fauquier 56 



105 

Parkersburg or Wood c. h.. Wood Scott's Ferry, Albemarle 

320 ' Scott's Mills. CJiarlotte 

Painck c. h., Patrick 342 Scott's Cross Koads, Fairfax 12 

Pattonsburg, Boietourt 237 ScottsviUe, Puwhdtan 156 

Pedlar's Mills, Amhersi 224 Shackletbrd's, Kin}' and Queen 161 

Penn's Store, Patrick 342 Sluitonboro', Pittsylvania 296 

Percival's, Biunswick 191 Shelton's Store, Goochland 228 

Perk'nsville, Amelia 195 , Sheniindoah Fork, Shenandoah 120 

Petersburi^, Dinwiddie 146 Sheppardstown, Jefferson 74 

Pe;ei stowii, Monroe Sherrard's Store, Hampshire 98 

Pinty Grove, Southampton 215 Shoulder's Hill, Nansemond 

Piiis% lie, see Loretto Shrewsbury, Kanhawa 354 
Pii bvlvrtnia c. h., Pittsylvania 274 Singleton's, Southampton 198 

PK sant Grove, Lunenb'>ig 237 Smithfield, Isle of Wight 206 

Pltasaril Valley, Fairfax 35 Sne ad's Tavern, Fluvanna 
Plou.^h and Harrow, Augusta 164 Snicker's Ferr}, Frederick 

Point Pleasant, Mason 425 Snicker's Gap, Loudon 53 

Port Republic, Rockingham 149 Somerville, Fauquier 56 

Poi I Royal, Caroline 80 South Hill, Mt-cklinburg 230 

Portsmouth, Norfolk 231 South Quay, Nansemond 212 

PottiesviUe, Louisa 98 Spanish Grove, Mecklinburg254 

Powhatan c. h., see ScottsviUe Speed & Wilson's Store,Halifax 260 

Price's Mills, Lou.su 121 Spotted Tavern, Stafford 68 

Prince Edward c. b.. Prince Ed- Spottsvlvania c. h,Spoltsylvania 73 

w ard 208 Springfield, Loudon 31 

Prospect, Prince Edward 229 Springfield, Hampshire 131 

Prospect Hill, Fairfax 15 Spring Hill, Louisa 

Prunt}^ Town, Harrison 211 Spnnghill, Fauquier 49 

Piighiown, Fi-fderick 79 Stafford c. h., Stafford 47 

Pii ngoteauyue, Accomac 227 Siannardsville, Orange 119 

Qiiarrelsville, Brunswick 195 Staunton, Augusta 174 

K ne's Tavern, Cumberland 195 Staunton Hill, Charlotte 
R..ppahann ck Academy, Caroline Stevensburg, Culpeper 93 

75 Sievensville, King and Queen 

Red's Store, Campbell 235 S'ony Pomt, Albemarle 173 

Rchmoncl, Hennco 123 Strasbnrg, Shenandoah 88 

Richmond c. h , Richmond 122 St. Pammanv's, Mecklinburg 241 

Rohriis' Store, HalifiX 278 Suffolk. Nansemond 228 

Ro> k Hill Mills, Fauquier 39 Surry, c. h., Surry 186 

RjckviUt J Frederick Stissex c. h., Sussex 174 
Rockingham c. h., see Harrison- Sweet Springs, Monroe 272 

burg Sycamore Grove, Mecklinburg 

Rocky Mount, Franklin 282 Tappahannock, Essex 117 

Rock Spring, Nelson Tazewell c. h., Tazewell 386 

Romney, Hampshire 116 Teaze's Valley, Kanhawa 370 

Rose Mills, Amherst 190 Terryville, Mecklinburg 267 
Rough Creek Church, Charlotte Thompson's -f Roads.Louisa 

237 Thompson's Store, Hanover 
Rumford Academy, King William Thornburg, Spottsylvania 72 

125 Thornton's Gap, Culpeper 125 

Rus.sell 0. h., Russell 436 Thrasher's Store, Loudon 55 

Salem, Botetourt 273 Tinsleyville, Goochland 173 

Salt-m, Fauquier 63 Traveller's Repose, Greenbrier 147 

Sandy Fork, Mccklinburg 273 Tyler c. h., Tyler 

Sandy Hook,. Culpeper 101 Union, Loudon 58 

Scottsburg, Halitax 269 Umoti Mill.-,. Fl vanna 143. 
Scott c. h., Scott 466 Uppei'ville, Loudon 53 



i06 

Urbanna, Middlesex 149 Wheeler's Springs, Pr. Edward 232 

Urquhart's Store, Southampton White Chimnies, Caroline 93 

Variety, Nelson 179 White Plains, Orange 83 

Vielleboro*, Caroline 71 While Post, Frederick 87 

Village Hill, Nottaway 187 White Rock, Halifax 

Vineyard, Mecklinburg 222 White Rock, Charlotte 

Wad'kin's Store, Pittsylvania 299 White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier 

Walkerton, King and Queen 128 253 

Walnut Branch, Fauqiiier 56 Wilderness, Spottsylvania 88 

Warminster, Amherst 168 Wilkinsonville, Chesterfield 155 

Warren, Albemarle 156 Williamsburg, James City 173 

Warren's Store, Halifax Wilmington, Fluvanna 182 

Washington, Culpeper 107 Winchester, Frederick 70 

Waterford, Loudon 42 Wicomico Church, Northumber- 

Wattsboro', Ltmenburg 233 land 165 

Waynesboro', Augusta 161 Woodstock, Shenandoah 100 

Wellsburg, Brook 286 Woodville. Culpeper 98 

West Liberty, Ohio 272 Woodville, Hanover 

Westmoreland c. h., Westmore- Wylliesburg, Charlotte 254 

land 110 Wythe c. h. , Wythe 340 

Westward Mills, Brunswick 198 Yancey's Mills, Albemarle 13§ 

Wheatland's, Prince William Yanceyville, Louisa 133 

Wheeling, Ohio 286 Yorktown, York 185. 



OHIO. 

Situation. Between 38° 30' and 42° N. lat. and 
3° S2 and 7° 40' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Lake Erie and Mi- 
chigan Territory. South and south-east, Ken- 
tucky and Virginia. East, Pennsylvania. West, 
Indiana. 

Extent. From north to south, S04 miles ; from 
east to west 210. 

^rea. About 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. On the north, nearly level, 
sloping towards Lake Erie. Middle agreeably 
uneven, abounding with plains. South and south- 
east elevated. In some places hilly. 

Rivers. Ohio, Muskingum, Hock hocking, Scio- 
to, Great and Little Miami, Miami of the lakes, 



107 

8t. Mary's, Au Glaize, Sandusky, Huron, Ter- 
milioti. Black, Rocky, (Jayahot^ajChagriue, Grand, 
Ashtabula, Coniicought, and Beaver. 

Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, freestone, very 
abundant. 

Soil. Generally excellent, particularly in the 
south-west part of the state. 

Produce. Wheat is the staple. Other grains, 
grasses, roots, and fruit in great profusion, hemp, 
flax, and some cotton. 

Climate. Temperate and healthy. Heat of sum- 
mer, moderate. Winters, mild. Spring and fall, 
delightful. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


To~Miships. 


Population. 


Chief Toivns and Population. 


Adams 


9 


9,434 


West Union 224 


* Ashtabula 






Jefterson 


Athens 


4 


2,791 


Athens tp. 840 


Belmont 


11 


11,097 


St Clairsville 


Butler 


9 


11,150 


Hamilton 


Cayahoga 


4 


1,459 


Cleveland tp. 547 


Champaign 


9 


6,303 


Urbanna 


• Clark 






Greenville 


Clermont 


8 


9,965 


Williamsburg, tp. 1,251 


Clinton 


3 


2,674 


Wilmington 


Columbiana 


17 


10,878 


New Lisbon 


* Coshocton 






Coshocton 


• Dirk 








Delaware 
* Erie 
Fairfield 


7 


2,000 . 


Delaware 


15 


11,361 


New Lancaster 


Fayette 


4 


1,854 


Washington 


Franklin 


8 


3,486 


CFranklinton tp. 916 

^COLCMBUS 448 


Gallia 


12 


4,181 


Gallipolis 


Geauga 


8 


2,917 


Char don 


Guernsey 


9 


3,051 


Cambridge 


Greene 


6 


5,870 


Zenia tp. 1,429 


Hamilton 


11 


15,258 


Cincinnati tp. 2,540 


* Harrison 








Highland 


7 


5,766 


Hillsborough 


* Huron 








Jefft:rson 


15 


17,260 


Steubenville tp. 1,617 


* Johnson 









i08 



Knox 


3 


2,149 


Mount Vernon 


Licking 


7 


3,852 


Newark tp 539 


M'dison 





1,603 


New London 


* Medina 








M imi 


6 


3,941 


Troy 


• Monroe 








Montjifomery 


7 


7,722 


Dayton 1p. 1,746 


MMskmg'um 


11 


10,036 


Zanesville tp. 2,154 


Pickaway 


10 


7,124 


C^rcleville 


Portage 


9 


2,995 


Ravenna 


Preble 


7 


3,3u4 


E.iion 


• Richland 






Mansfield 


Ross 


16 


15.514 


ChiUicoihe tp. 1,369 


Scioto 


9 


3,399 


Portsmouth 


Stark 


7 


2,734 


Canton tp. 646 


Trumbull 


19 


8,671 


Warren tp. 875 


Tuscarawa 




3,045 


New Philadelphia 


Witrren 


5 


9,925 


Lebanon 


Washington 


12 


5,991 


Marietta tp. 1,463 


• Wayne 






Wooster 



43 



320 



230,760 



• Laid out since last Census. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the foUoivijig list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, tlie figures denote the distance from 
Washington. 



Achor, Jefferson 297 
Adelphi, Ross 392 
Ashtabula, Ashtabula 387 
Athens, Athens 347 
Aurora, Portage 347 
Austinville, Ashtabula 315 
Austinburjj, Asht-bula 362 
Auhtintown, Warren 296 
Avery, Huron 409 
Bauibridge, Ri)S> 425 
BainesviUe, Belmom 318 
Belpre, Washington 319 
Bt rkshire, D( lawaie 431 
Bethel, Clermont 6j6 
Bloomfieia, Tnimbull 346 
Boa! il man, IrumouU 286 
Boat Run, CIcrm mt 525 
BraceviUe, Warren 317 
Broukfield, Trumbull 325 
Burton, Geauga 342 
Ca iiz, Jeflfrrson 302 
Camb'-idi^e, Muskini^um 303 
Canfif Id, rrmi.bi.ll 291 
Canton, Starke 318 



Capitina Creek, Bel mom 312 
Cat's Creek Mills, Wishintcton 327 
Centreville, Montj^omcry 486 
Ciuiijrin River, dyahoga 483 
Chardon, Geauga 354 
ChiUicothe, Ross 407 
Cincinnati, Hamilton 504 
Circleville, Pickaway 425 
Cleveland, Cavahoga 387 
Clinton, Knox 409 
Columbia, Hamilton 507 
Columbiana, Coltimbiana 296 
Columbus, Franklin 418 
Coiiklin^'s, 516 
Conneaut, Ashtabula 383 
Coshocton, Coshocton >fi2 
Courtwriglit, Fairfield 426 
Crosby, Hamilton 525 
Darling's, Kno\ 400 
Dayton, Montiiomerv 476 
Deerfield, Portage 338 
Delaware, Delaware 440 
Denmark, Ashiabnla 379 
Derby Creek, Madison 441 



109 



Dover, Cayahog-a 406 
Duff's Forks, Fayette 
Eaton, Preble 468 
Euclid, Cavaho.^a 395 
Fairfield, Columbiana 430 
Faucett's Town, Columbiana 287 
Feestown, Ciermon' 462 
Ferguson's Ferry, Johnsoir343 
Fort Meigs, Erie 523 
Foulkstown, Columbiana 291 
Franklin. Warren 496 
Franklinton, Franklin 419 
Fredericktown, Knox 415 
Freeport, Harrison 332 
Gallipolis, Gallia 389 
Gnadenhutten, Tuscarawa 354 
Granger, Cayahoga 379 
Granville, Lickmg400 
Greene, Starke 326 
Greenfield. Highland 428 
Greenville, Dark 518 
Grissel's, Columbiana 299 
Hamilton, Butler 516 
Hanover, Columbiana 320 
Harpersfield, Ashtabula 330 
HarrisvilK-, Harrison 330 
Hartford, Trumbull 330 
Hillsboro', Highland 449 
Hiram, Warren 334 
Hoover's Mills, Montgomery 
Hudson, Portage 342 
Huron, Huron 415 
Huron c. h., Huron 
Irville, Muskingum 
Jackson c. h-, Jackson 
Jefferson, Ashtabula 368 
Jeromesville, Wayne 389 
Kearresville, Northampton 209 
Kindall, Stark 480 
Kinsman, TrumbiiU 339 
Knoxville, Jetieison 289 
Lancaster, F:.irfi<-td 405 
Lebanon, Warren 474 
Leesburg, Highland 
Liberty, Trumtmll 
Little Bea\^er, Columbiana 290 
Logan, 

London, Madison 443 
LongboHom, Athens 
Lower Sand sky, 491 
M'Cutchensville, Pickaway 428 
Madison, Geauga 380 
Madison, Hamilton 
M;!.H hester, Adams 483 
Mansfield, Richland 407 
Mantua, Portage 340 
Marietta, Washington 307 



Mesopotamia, Trumbull 34i» 

Middletown, Bntl?r 502 

Milford, Clermont 517 

Mill Creek, Cayahoga 385 

Millvdle, Butler 

Montgomery, Hamilton 490 

Morgan, Ashtabula 373 

Mornstovvn, Belmont 308 

Mosser's, Tuscarawa 459 

Monnt Plf asani, Jefferson 292 

MoviUt Vernon, Knox 407 

Mouth ot'Bla k R ver,Cayahoga420 

Mosqui'o Cre.'k, Trumbull 340 

Musser's Mills, Columbiana 275 

Nelson, Ashtabula 328 

Nelson, P )riage 345 

Nevilla, Clermont 

Newaik, Licking 393 

New Boston, Champaign 594 

Newbur.n, 365 

New Haven, Huron 490 

New Lexington, Pieble 

New Lancaster, Fairfield 416 

New Lisbon, Columbiana 283 

New Market, Highland 458 

New Philadelphia, Tuscarawa 344 

Newport, Washington 323 

New Salem, Jefferson 306 

Newton, Licking 418 

Newtown, Hamilton 

North Bend, Hamilton 520 

Oxford, 

PainesviUe, Geauga 364 

Palmyra, Portage 343 

P:*rkman, Geauga 330 

Pickaway Plains or Jefferson, Ross 

422 
Pikrtown, Pike 
Piquarown, Miami 607 
Pieasant's, Franklin 
Point Harmer, Washington 320 
Poland, Trumbull 283 
Portsmouth, Scioto 451 
Pnncetown, Buder 
Putnam, Muskingum 
Ravenna, Portage 351 
Redfield, Oneid'a 440 
Riclimnnd, Ross 
R .hmond, Jefferson 
R'iige\ille, Warren 
R;dv!lle, Cayalioga407 
Ripley, Adams 487 
Rocky River, Cayahoga 397 
Rossm. n's, Bellmont 385 
Rutland, G'.lha 395 
Salem, Columbiana 360 
Salt Creek, Muskingum 



110 



Sandyville, 

Sciota Siilt Springs, Ross 421 
Shurun, Asli abula 322 
Sinking^ Sprang, Highland 
SniiVlifielii, Jeff< Tson 335 
Somerset, Fairfield 398 
Spr ngfield, Hamilton 527 
Sprintftield, Champaign 481 
Springfield, Portage 488 
Stedman's Mdls, Athens 355 
Steiibenville, Jefferson 277 
Stow, Portage 336 
St. Clairsvilk . Belmont 297 
Sunbury, Delaware 
Talmadge, Portage 494 
Tarlton, Fairfield 431 
Thompson's Salt Woiks, Jefferson 

282 
Troy, Miami 493 
Union, Mont.t;omery 
Upper Sandusky, Iridiana 476 
Urbanna, Champaign 467 
Vermillion, Huron 435 
Vernon or Smithfield, Trumbull 

362 



Vienna, Trumbull 32Q 
Warren, Trumbull 312 
Waireniown, Jeffeison 277 
Washington, GuerriSey 345 
Whshmi^'ton, Fayeite 431 
Waterford, Washington 324 
Wayne, 

Waynesville, Warren 474 
West Union, Adams 475 
White Eyes Plains, Coshocton 359 
Williamsburg, Clermont 489 
Wdliamsfi. Id, Ashtabula 345 
Wiiiinngroii, Clinton 450 
Wilmington, Licking 
Windsor, Trumbull 356 
Woodsfitdd, Monroe 344 
Wood's Mills, Gallia 
Wooster, Wayne 378 
Wonhinglon, Frai klin 428 
Wrightsbiirg, Ashtabula 
Xenia, Greene 462 
Yellow Srings, Greene 601 
Yoiingstown, TrnmbuU 299 
Zanesville, Muskingum 268 



KENTUCKY. 



Situation. Between 36° 30' and 39° 5' N. lat. 
and 4° 48' and 12° 20' W. lona;. 

Boundaries. On the north, Ohio, Indiana, and 
Illinois Territory. South, Virginia and Tenfjes- 
see. East, Virginia. West, Illinois and Missouri 
Territories. 

Extent. From north to south, 138 miles; from 
east to west 300 miles. 

Jirea. 39,000 square miles, or 24,960.000 acres. 

Face of the country. Generally uneven ; some 
of it rough and hilly ; towards the east spurs of 
the Alleghany mountains. 

Rivers. Ohio, Mississippi, Sandy, Licking, 
Kentucky, Salt, Greeu, Cumberland and Ten- 
nessee. 



141 

Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, lead, copperas^ 
alum, and salt. 

Soil. Every kind, from the best to the worst. A 
great proportion is good, and a considerable part 
excellent. 

Produce. Wheat and other grains, grass, roots, 
fruit, hemp, flax, tobacco, cotton. 

Climate. Agreeable. The thermometer seldom 
rises above 80 in summer, or falls below 25 in 
winter. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Comities. 


Population. 


Chief Towns and Populatiov 


Adair 


6,011 


Columbia 175 


Barren 


11,286 


Glasgow 244 


• Bath 






Boojie 


3,608 




Bracken 


3,451 


Augusta 255 


Breckenridge 


3,430 




Bourbon 


18,009 


Paris 838 


Butler 


2,181 




Bullett 


4,311 




Clarke 


11,519 


Winchester 53.8 


Casey 


3,285 


Liberty 33 


Campbell 


3,060 


Newpori 413 


Christian 


11,020 


HopkmsonviUe 131 


Cumberland 


6,191 


Biirkesville 106 


Clay 


2,398 




Caldwell 


4,268 




Estill 


2,082 




Fayette 


21,370 


Lexingfton 4,326 


Franklin 


8,ol3 


Frankfoht 1,099 


Fleming 


8,947 




Floyd 


3,485 


Prestonville 32 


Gallatin 


3,307 


Port William 120 


Greenup 


2,369 




Green 


6,735 


Greensburg 132 


Grayson 


2,301 




Garrard 


9,i86 


Lancaster 260 


Henry 


6,777 


Newcastle 125 


Harrison 


7,752 


Cmthiana 369 


Henderson 


4,703 


Henderson 159 


Harden 


7,531 


Elizabeth Town 181 


H'lpkins 


2,964 


MadisonviUe o7 


Jessamine 


8,377 


Nicholasville 158 


Jefferson 


13,399 


Louisville 1,357 


Knox 


5,875 


Barboursville 55 


* Lexington 







lit 



Living'stOH 


3,674 


Smithland 99 


Lewis 


2,357 




Lincoln 


8,676 




Logan 


12.123 


Rnsselville 532 


Mason 


12 459 


Washington 815 


Mercer 


12.630 


Danville 432 


Madison 


15,540 


Richmonil 366 


Muhlenburg 


4,181 


Greenvillf 75 


Mon gornery 


12.975 


Mountslerling 325 


Nicholas 


4,898 




Nelson 


14.U78 


Beardstown 821 


Ohio 


3,682 


Hartford 110 


Pulaski 


6,897 




Penilleton 


3,061 


Falmouth 121 


Rockcastle 


1,731 




Scoit 


12,419 


Georgeiown 529 


Shelby 


14,837 


Shelbyville 424 


* Union 






Wa\ ne 


5,430 


Monticello 37 


Washington 


13.^48 


Springfield 249 


Warren 


11,937 


Bowlin<-grtrn 154 


AVoodf'ord 


9,659 


Versailles 488 



57 406,511 

* Laid out since last Census. 

LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the follotving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the Jlgures denote the distance from 
Washington. 

Adair c. h., Adair 658 Danville, Mercer .585 

Allen c. h., Allen 700 Dripping Springs, Warren 708 

Augusta, Bracken 510 Dry Ridge. Pendleton 

Baitdstown, Nelson 615 Eddj Grove, Caldwell 696 

BarboursviUe, Knox 556 Eddwille, Caldwell 806 

Berry's Lick, Logan 745 Elizabethtown, see Harden c. h., 

Boone c. h., Boone 521 640 

Boone Station, Fayet'e 580 EUisville or Lower Blue Lick, Ni- 

Bowling Green, Wari-en 702 cholas 512 

Brunerstown, .lefferson 609 Estdl c. h , Es ill 555 

Bnlleltsburg, Boone 517 Everett's House, Lewis 

Burkesvllle, Cumberland 708 Ewingville, Christian 749 

Butler, Butler 428 Falmouth or Pendleton c. h., Pen- 

Campbellsville, Greene 654 dleton 543 

Cassedy's Creek, Nicholas SoZ Fleming c. h , Fleming 518 

Catlettsburg, Greenup 435 Flinn's Fork, C;.ld\\ell 796 

Centreville, Livingston 834 Floyd's c h , Flovd 621 

Cinthiana, Harrison 529 Frankfort, Franklin 565 

Clay c h. or Manchester, Clay 608 Fredericksburg, Gallatin 573 

Coffey's Ferry, Pulaski 665 Gaines, Boone 524 

Covington, Campbell 512 George's, Harrison 

Crab Orchard, Lincoln 609 Georgetown, Scott 548 



HS 



Glas.Efow, Barren 672 

Grant's Lick, Campbell 512 
Greai Crossings Scott 575 
Giernsburg or Green c. h., Green 

642 
Gr envilU.Mtililenburg 739 
Git-t^'.up, c. h., Greenup 455 
Hiiiiitnburg- or Brt ■ kenndge.c. h., 

Brer kenridge 678 
Hardtii c h- or Elizabethtown, 

Harden 662 
HariodsijiMc, Mercer 595 
H..r.tbrd, Ohi" 715 
H..zlep;itch or Rice's, Knox 586 
Henderson, Henderson 751 
Hojikm^ivule, Chrisuan 765 
Ishellsville, Christian 745 
Jeflersontown, Jefferson 632 
Lancaster, Gurrard 596 
Laurence's Hotel, Franklin 
Lebanon, Washington 
Lewallins, 

Lewisburg, Muhlenburg 730 
Lewis c. h., Lewis 489 
Lexington, Fayette 552 
Liberty, Casey 
Litchfield, Grayson 620 
Lit i It Sandy SaU Works, Greenup 

481 
Long Creek, Caldwell 815 
Louisville, Jefferson 617 
Madisonville, Hopkins 759 
Mviiichester, sire Clay c h., 
Marysville, Harrison 517 
May's Lick, Mason 500 
Maysvdle, Mason 488 
Middleburg, Nelson 604 
Middletown, Jefferson 605 
Mdlersbnrg, Bourbon 525 
Minerva, Mason 501 
Monticello, Wayne 650 
Morganfield, Union 786 
Morgan's, Muhlenburg 773 
Mwintain Island, Scott 
Mount Sterling, Montgomery 543 



Mount Vernon, Rockcastle 604 

Mount Zon, Onion 794 

Ni wberg, Ctinstiun 

Newberry, Christian 

Newcastle or Henry c. h., Henrv . 

591 
Newport, Campbell 505 
Ni « a<\vn, Harrison 523 
Nicholasviile, Jessamine 564 
Olympian Springs, Bath 555 
Owingsville, Balh 
Owenboro, Daviess 722 
Paris or Bourbontown, Bourbon 

533 
Patesville, Breckenridge 715 
Pendleto c. n., see Falmouth 
Perrysvilie, Mercer 
Portwillian., Gallatin 584 
Rams-ay's Ferry, Livingston 
Richmond, M..dison 572 
Ro< ky Kidge, Chribtian 779 
Russelville, L-gan 727 
Saunder's Miils, Gallatin 601 
S.lem, Livingston 828 
Shelby, Bath 
Sheli.yv die, Shelby 587 
Shepherdsville, BnlUtt 637 
Sherburne Mills, Fleming 530 
Slate Creek Iron Works," Bath 
Smithlaiid, Livingston 844 
Smith's Ferry, Ohio 734 
Somerset, Pulaski 
Springfitld, Washington 613 
Stamping Grounds. Scott 557 
Stanford, Lincoln 597 
Stockden's Valley, Cumberland 560 
Stonesboro', Greene 600 
Upper Blue Lick, Fleming 522 
Vancebnrg, Lewis 487 
Versailles, Woodford 563 
Walnut Grove, Mercer 585 
Washington, Mason 492 
West Port, Henry 548 
Williamsburg, Mason 500 
Winchester, Clarke 55o 



TENNESSEE. 



Situation. Between 35° and 36° 30' N. lat. and 
4° 26' and 13° 5' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Virginia and Ken- 
tucky. South, Georgia/ Mississippi, and Alaba- 



114 

ma Territory. East, North Carolina. West, 
Missouri Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, lOS miles ; from 
east 10 west 420 miles. 

Jlrpa. 40.000 square miles, or 25.600.000 acres. 

Face of the country. Kastern part mountainous. 
Middle part hilly. Western part mostly level. 

Rivers. Cumb'^rland, Holstein, Tennessee, 
CliiK'h, Notachurky, French Broad, Hiwasse, 
Diu-k, Redi'oot. Obian, Forked Deer, and Wolf. 

Minerals. Iron, limestone, coal, copperas, alum, 
nitre, lead, and some silver. 

Soil. In the eastern part, on the mountains, poor, 
but there are many rich valleys. It improves in 
the middle, and the western part is rich. 

Produce. Cotton is the staple. Wheat, and 
other g' ains, grass, roots, and fruit. 

(limate. Among the mountains delightful. Mid- 
dle, temperate and agreeable. Western part, hot 
in summer, and mild in winter. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 

EAST TENNESSEE. 



Coiintirs. 


Population. 


Seats of Justice. 


Anderscin 


3,959 


Clinton 


Bledsoe 


8,839 


PikeviUe ' 


Blount 


3,259 


Maryvilie 


Campbell 


2,668 


.T:icksonb(ir£»' 


(carter 


4,190 


Eli zabetl: town 


Claiborne 


4,798 


T.izewell 


Cocke 


5,154 


Newport 


Granger 


5,397 


Riuledge 


Greene 


9,713 


Greenville 


Ha'.vkins 


7,643 


Roger svi lie 


Jeffurson 


7,309 


Dandridge 


Knox 


10,171 


KXCXTIILE 


Rhea 


2,504 


Washington 


Roane 


5,581 


Kingston 



115 



Sevier 

Sullivan 

Washington 

17 



4,595 
6,847 

7,740 

101,367 



Sevierville 

Blountsville 

Jonesborough 



WEST TENNESSEE. 



Bedford 


8,242 


Shelbyville 


Davidson 


15,608 


Nashville 


Dickson 


4,516 


Charlotte 


l-'ranklin 


5,730 


Winchester 


Giles 


4,546 


Pulaski 


Hickman 


2,583 


Vernon 


Humphries 


1,511 


Reynoldsburg 


Jackson 


5,401 


Williamsburg 


Lincoln 


6,104 


Fayetteville 


Montgomery 


8,021 


Clarkesviile 


Maury 


10,359 


Columbia 


Overton 


5,643 


Monroe 


Robertson 


7,270 


Springfield 


Itutherford 


10,265 


Murt'reesboro' 


Sumner 


13,792 


Gallatin 


Smith 


11,649 


Carthage 


Stuart 


4,262 


Dover 


Wilson 


11,952 


Lebanon 


Williamson 


13,153 


Franklin 


White 


4,028 


Sparta 


Warren 


5,725 


M'Minville 



21 



160,360 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, tlie figures denote the distance from 
Washington. 



Bean's Creek, Franklin 726 
Bean's Station, Granger 498 
Blackburn's Springs, Jackson 667 
Blountsville or Sullivan c. h., Sul- 
livan 428 
Boat Yard, Carter 450 
Boyd's Creek, Sevier 581 
Brookhill, Montgomery 821 
Cairo or Cragfont, Sumner 722 
Campbell's Station, Knox 556 
Carthage, Smith 691 
Charlotte, Dickson 783 
Cheek's + Roads, Hawkins 504 
Clarksville, Montgomery 762 
Clinton, Anderson 559 
Columbia, Maury 790 
Cumberland Gap, Claiborne 522 



Dandridge, Jefferson 526 
Dixon's Springs, Smith 702 
Dover, Stuart'807 
Duty's, Sumner 
Klizabeihtown, Carter 467 
Elktown, Giles 841 
Fayetteville, Lincoln 748 
Feary, Montgomery 750 
Fishingford -j- Roads, Bedford 801 
Franklin, Williamson 767 
Gallatin, Sumner 725 
Gordon's Ferry, Hickman 797 
Gieen Garden, Sumner 716 
Greenville, Greene 478 
Harpeih, Williamson 775 
Harisville, Sumner 700 
Hendersonville, Sumner 738 



116 



Hiwassee Garrison, 625 
HiUha I., Overton 699 
Huinsvillc, Kober'.soii 781 
Jefferson, Rutherford 727 
Joneshoro', Washirii^ton 449 
Kavenaiigh, Wilson 707 
K.ng'ston, Roune 587 
Kiioxville, Knox 541 
Lit-a's, Grani^er 454 
Letsburg', Wabliin<;ion 
Lebanon", Wilson 727 
Liberty, Simtli 780 
Lynn Creek, Giles 
M 'A [lister's -f- Roads, Montgo- 
mery 795 
M'Minville, Warren 672 
Marysville, Blount 556 
Massinggales, Sullivan 439 
Melcalisboro', Franklin 
Middletown, Sullivan 439 
Monroe, Overton 687 
Morganlown, Blount 
Messcy C. I- M'orks, 
Mount Ricliardson, Jackson 586 
Murtrefslioro', Jefl'crson 708 
Murpbey's, 

Niisliville, Davidson 751 
New Canton, H.iwkins 749 
Nt wport, Coi'kf 501 
Old Salt House-, L ncoln 799 
Palmyra, Montgomery 777 



Pikevllle, Bledsoe 647 
Port Royal, Montgomery 77'2 
Presion's, Rhea 
Pulaski, Giles 822 
Rradyvilie, Rutherford 760 
Rtynoldsburg, H mpbrts 785 
Ri.'hland, Giles 815 
Roane's Creek, Carter 516 
Rossville, Cherokee Nation 
Roi^ersvillc, Hawkins 475 
Rouiid Lick, Smitli 
Itutitdge, Gran,<er 517 
Scarel}e, Montgomery 
Sevierville, Sevier 574 
Shelbyville, Bedford 776 
Springfield, Robertson 752 
Stiffey's Mill, 509 
Stontfurt, Franklin 
Strawberry plains. Knox 
Surguinevdle, Hawkins 
Tazew- 11, (Claiborne 514 
Turner's, Robertson 
Vernon, Hickman 808 
Walnut Cove, Campbell 579 
Warrensburg, Greene 513 
Washington, Rhea 611 
White Fl.dns- Wliite 606 
White's Creek, Rhea 
Wiliuimshiirg, J.rkson 680 
Wincliester, Franklin 715 
Woodville, Warren 704 



NORTH CAROLINxi. 



Situation. Between 33° 4.7' and 36® 30' N. lat. 
and 1° E. and 6° 50' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Virginia. South, 
South Carolina and Greorgia. East, Atlantic Ocean. 
West, Tennessee. 

Kxtent. From north to south, 120 miles ; from 
east to west, 345 miles. 

J.rea. 45,000 square miles, or 28,800.000 acres. 

Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
Avater, low and sandy, abounding with swamps. 
From the head of tide waters to the mountains, 
agreeably uneven ; iu many places hilly. Among 



117 

the mountains many fertile valleys, and rich 
scenery. 

Rivers. Chowan, Roanoke, Tar, Pamlico, Nuse, 
Black, Cape F'ear, Catawba, and Broad. 

Minerals. Iron, limestone, cobalt, gold. 

Soil. Low p;irt, sandy and barren, but many 
fertile spots on the banks of rivt rs. In the mid- 
dle, much of it good. Among the mountains 
poor, but some fertile valleys. 

Produce. Cotton, tobacco, grain, grass and fruit. 

Climate. In the low country, hot in summer. 
Often unhealthy in fall. Mild and agreeable in 
winter. In the upper country, the climate im- 
proves, and among the mountains it is delightful. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties. 


Populatto, 


Anson 


8.831 


Ash 


3,694 


Beaufort 


7,203 


Bertie 


11,218 


Bladen 


5 671 


Brvmswick 


4,778 


Biiiicombe 


9,277 


Burke 


11.007 


Caharras 


6,158 


Camden 


5,347 


Carteret 


4,823 


Caswell 


11,757 


Chatham 


12,977 


Chowan 


5,297 


Columbus 


3,022 


Craven 


12,676 


C'mberland. 


9,382 


Currituck 


6,985 


Duplin 


7,863 


Edi^ecomb 


12,423 


Franklin 


10,lb6 


Gates 


5,965 


Granville 


15,576 


Grtene 


4,867 


Gi; itord 


11,4 '0 


Halifax 


15,620 



Chief Towns and Popidaiiov . 
Wadesborough 

Washington 600 

Wuidsor 

ElizabethtQwn 

Bi-uiiswick 

Ashville 

Morgantown 

Concord 

Jonesburg 

Beauford 

Leas burg" 

Pittsborougii 

Edenton 1,^500 

Whitesville 

Newbern 2,467 

Fuyetteville 1,800 

Indiantown 

Sarecto 

TarboroMgh 600 

Louisburg 

C. H. 

Williamsborougli 

C H 

MjrtinvilleSOO 

Halifax 



118 



Hayw^ood 

Htrlibid 

Hyde 

IredeH 

Johnson 

Jones 

Lenoir 

liincolii 

iMartiii 

MLckhnburg 

Moore 

Montgomeiy 

Nash 

New Hanover 

Nortliumpion 

Onslow 

Orange 

Fasquolank 

Person 

Put 

Perquimans 

Randolpli 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Rockingliam 

Row an 

Rutherl'oid 

Sampson 

Slokes 

Surry 

Tyreil 

Wake 

AVanen 

Washington 

Wavi.e 

Wilkes 

62 



2,780 




6,052 


Wynton 


6,029 


Germantown 


10,972 


Siatesville 


6,867 


Smithtield 


4,968 


Trenton 


5.572 


Kingston 


16,359 


Lin. olnton 


5,987 


Williamsion 


14,272 


Charloite 


6,367 


Alfordstown 


8,430 


Henderson 


7,268 


C. H. 


11,465 


Wilmington 1,689 


13,082 


C H. 


6,669 


Swansborough 


20,135 


HiUsborougE 


7,674 


Nixonton 


6,642 


Roxboro' 


9,169 


Greenville 


6,052 


Hartford 


10,112 


C H. 


6,695 


Rockingham 


7,523 


Lumberion 208 


10,316 


D:<nbiiry 


21,543 


Salisbury 500 


13,202 


Riiiheribrdton 


6,620 


C. H. 


11,645 


Upper Sara 


10,366 


Salem 700 


3,364 


Elizabethtown 


17,086 


Raleigh 1,000 


11,004 


Warrenton 300 


3,464 


Pljmouih 


8,687 


Wavi'esboro' 


9.054 


Wilkes C. IT. 



555,500 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



A'OTl^. — The first name in the follo-iviiiff list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the CouiUy, the Jigwes denote tlie distance from 
IVashington. 



Adams, Hyde 339 
Albright's, Orange 329 
xMexandriana, Mecklinhurg 454 
Altbidsville, Robeson 387 
Alleniance, Gu.lfbrd 335 
Alienlown, Munignmery 428 
Anderson's Sieve, Caswell 318 
Ashboro or Randolph, R.:naolph362 
Ashville, Buncombe 520 
Averysboro', Cumberland 322 



Baird's Forge, Burke 507 
Baib;-ry, Rowan 389 
Barr_\sville, Mecklinburg 448 
Ba^h", Beauiorl 332 
Beardsuiill, Ro\\a:i 393 
Beaitie's Ford, Lincoln 407 
Beauford, Carteret 396 
BeUbrl or Sell's Stove, Nash 259 
Bensljorough, Pitt 278 
Bethaaia, Stokes 368 



119 



Brinkleysville, Halifax 225 Huntersvills, Lincoln 422 

Britton's Store, Berlie 280 Huntsville, Surry 384 

Brown's Store, Caswell 277 Indianiown, Currituck 275 

Bryant's Cross Roads, Northamp- Jamestown, Guilford 292 



ton 325 

Buckhorn Falls, Chatham 315 
Campbell's Grove, Iredell 444 
Caswell c. h., Caswell 307 . 
Chappel Hill, Orange 312 
Charlotte, Mecklinburg 409 
Clover Garden, Chatham 316 
Cochran's Store, Person 304 
Colerame, Bertie 261 
Columbia, Tyrell 336 
Columbus c. h., Columbus 470 
Concord or Cabarras c. h., Cabar- 

ras 428 
Cow per's Hill, Robertson 341 
Cunnmgham's Store, Person 224 
Currituck c. h., Currituck 263 



Jefiersonton or Ashe ch, Ashe 429 
Jonesburg, Camden 275 
Jones's Store, Halifax 240 
Jonesville, Surry 416 
Kincannon's Works, Surry 389 
Kinston, Lenoir 361 
Laurel Hill, Richmond 387 
Lauson's Store, Mecklinburg 472 
Leaksville, Rockingham 311 
Leasburg, Caswell 205 
Lee's Mills, Washington 309 
Leesville, 

Le May's Cross Roads, 280 
Lenox Castle, Rockingham 316 
Lexington, Rowan 359 
Lincolnton, Lincoln 425 



Dancey's Store, Northampton 216 Lindley's Store, Orange 317 
Dobson's Cross Roads, Stokes 368 Log House Landing, Hyde 355 



Donaldson's, Rowan 390 
Duplin c. h-, Duplin 359 
Duplin old, Duplin 366 
Edenton, Chowan 290 
Elizai)eth city, Pasquotank'271 
Elizabethtown, Bladen 386 
Ellisville, Warren 241 
Enfield, Halifax 238 
Erwinsville, Rutherford 504 
Fair Bluff, Columbus 420 
Fallstown, Iredell 416 
Fayetteville, Cumberland 348 
Findlysville, Mecklinburg 486 
Fishing Creek, Wilkes 460 
Fort Defiance, Wilkes 467 
Fredericksville, Sampson 
Gates c. h-, Gates 260 
Germantown, Hyde 427 
Germantown, Stokes 347 
Greensboro', Guilford 347 
Greenville, Pitt 291 
(irovehill, Warren 249 
Hadilon's, Buncombe 
Halifax, Hal'fax 220 
Hamilton or Hog on, Martin 265 
Hamptonville, Suny 402 
Harrison's Store, Fraukbij 268 
Haw River, Orange 323 
Hay woodsboro', Chatham 334 
Haywood c. h., Haywood 595 



Louisburg, Franklin 256 

Lumberton, Robeson 381 

M'Aiiley's Store, Montgomery 314 

Mackeysvdle, Burke 485 

Maionsville, Northampton 240 

Marley's Store, Sampson 

Martinsville, Guilford 352 

Mason Hall, Orange 311 

xMaitamuskett, Hyde 380 

Merry Hill, Bertie 294 

Mill Grove, Cabarras 406 

Mock's Old Field, Rowan 370 

INiohaffcy's, Lincoln 441 

Montpeliei, RIclmiond 378 

Moore c h , Moore 384 

Mooresboro', Rutherford 528 
Morgjnlown, Burke 455 
Mount Airy, Surry 418 
Mount Mourr.e, Iredell 400 
Mount Pisgah, Iredell 
Mount Pleasant, Rockingham 329 
Mount Prospect, Edgecombe 
Mount Tirzah, Person 285 
Murfrtesboro', Hertford 230 
Murraysville, Buncombe 526 
N:.shc. h.jNash 271 
Newbern, Craven 351 
New Garden, Robeson 368 
New Hope, W;»yne31l 



New Lebanon, Camden 286 
Hendersontown, Montgomery 410 Nicholson's liuuse, Warren 223 
Hertford, Perquimans 305 NorthamptOH c. h., Northampton 

High Rock, Roikuigham 320 232 

Hillsboro', Orange 299 Nuttal's Store, Granville 280 

HoustonviUe, Iredell 410 Onslow c. h., Onslow 400 



ISO 



Oxford, Granville 
Palmyra, Martin 270 
Panther's Creek, Surry 381 
Patrick's Mills, Craven 370 
Patterson's Store, Franklin 
Paynesville, Rockingham 
Peace's, Granville 
Peeble's Tavern, Northampton 206 
Phillips' Store, Nash 236 
Pitch Landing, Hertford 251 
Pittsboro' or Chatham c. h., Chat- 
ham 324 
Pleasant Grove, Orange 
Plymouth, AVashmgton 302 
Providence, Mecklmburg 223 
Putney's Store, Northampton 209 
Queensdale, Robeson 394 
Raleigh, Wake 288 
Randolph c. h., Randolph 361 
Ransom's liridge, Halifax 251 
Red House, Caswell 313 
Red Shoals, Stokes 385 
Reid's Store, Moore 341 
Richmond c. h , Richmond 403 
Rockford, Surry 402 
Rockingham c- h., Rockingham 

319 
Rocky Mount, Nash 
Rocky Springs, Roi kingham 339 
Roxboro*, Person 295 
Royal, Sampson 381 
Rutherfordton, Rutherford 472 
Salem, Stokes 359 
Salisbury, Rowan 375 
Sampson c. h., Sampson 382 
Scotland Neck. Halifax 245 
Scull Camp, Surry 404 
Sesscem's Bridge, Edgecombe 280 
Skinnersville, Washington 350 
Smithfield, Johnson 315 



Smithville, Brunswick 463 
Sneedsboro', Richmond 420 
SnowhiU, Worcester 307 
Society Hill, Iredell 
South Washington, Duplin 387 
Spr.ng Hill, Lenoir 400 
Stagville, Orange 283 
Slatesville, Iredell 403 
Sterlingville, Granvdle 267 
Summerfield, Guilford 339 
Siinbury, Gates 
Swansboro', OnslQW 391 
Tarborough, Edgecombe 266 
Tombstone, Benie 291 
Trenton, Jones 371 
Turner's -{- Roads, Bertie 
Tyson's Store, Moore 365 
Wadesboro', Anson 424 
Waddle's Ferry, Randolph 
Warm Springs, Buncombe 522 
Warrenton, Warren 231 
Washington, Beaufort 316 
Waughsburg, Stokes 
Waynesboro', Wayne 340 
Waynesville, Haywood 595 
Webb's, Stokes 345 
AVest Castle, Caswell 316 
Westraysville, Nash 276 
Whitehall, Mecklinburg 457 
White Oak, Rutherford 524 
White Plains, Granville 271 
Wilkes, Wilkes 442 
Williams, Ashe 394 
Williamsboro', Granville 251 
Williamston, Martin 277 
Williamsville, Person 298 
Wilmington, New Hanover 433 
Windsor, Bertie 288 
Winton, Hertford 245 
Woodstock, Hyde 354 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Situation. Between 32° 6' and Sd" N. lat. and 
1° 30' and 6° 25' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north and north-east, North 
Carolina. South-east, Atlantic Ocean. South- 
west, Georgia. 

Extent. From north to south; 163 miles j from 
east to west; 205 miles. 



121 

Area. 28,700 square miles, or 18,368.000 acres. 

Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
waters, level and swampy. From the head of tide 
waters to the mountains, variegated. Among the 
mountains, romantic and beautiful. 

Rivers. Great Pedee, Little Pedee, Santee, 
Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, 
Enoree, Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Camba- 
liee, Coosawatchie, and Savannah. 

Minerals. Iron, limestone, slate, soap-stone, 
rock crystal, flint, fuller's earth, emery, marl, lead, 
and copper. 

Soil. In the low country, sandy, but exceeding- 
ly fertile in bottoms, and on the borders of rivers. 
In the upper country, a considerable portion of it 
good. 

Produce. Cotton and rice are staples. Grain, 
grass, fruits, and roots. 

Climate. In the low country the summers are 
hot and sultry, with mild winters. In the upper 
country, the summers are more temperate, and 
among the mountains the climate is delightful. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Cotmties. 
Abbeville 

* All Saints 
Barnwell 
Beaufort 
Charleston city 
Charleston district 
Chester 
Chesterfield 

* Clare mont 

* Clarendon 
Colleton 
Darlington 
Edgefield 



Population. 
21,150 

12,280 
25,887 
24,711 
38,468 
11,479 
5,564 



26,359 

9,047 

23,160 



C'/iief Towns and Popiilatiot, 
Abbeville 



Beaufort 1,000 



Chester 



122 



Fairfield 

Georgetown 

Greenville 

Horry 

Kershaw 

Lancaster 

Ijatirens 

Lexmg'ton 

* Liberty 

* Mai-ion 
Marlborough 
Mason 
Newbury 
Orange 
Pendleton 

* Pinckney 
Richland 
Spartan 

* St. Peters 
Sumpter 
Union 

Williamsburg 
York 



11,857 


Fairfield 


15,679 


Georgetown 2,000 


13.133 


Greenville 


4,349 




9,867 


Camden 1,000 


6,318 




14,982 


Laurens 


6,641 




4,966 


Marlborough 


8,884 




13,964 


Newbury 


13,229 


Orangeburg 


22,897 


Pendleton 


9,026 


Columbia 1,500 


14,259 


Spartanburg 


19,054 


Slatesburg 


10,995 


Union 


6,871 


Williamsburg 


10,052 


York 



415,115 



Laid out since last Census. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



J\''OTE- — Tlie first name in the foUu-wing- lint is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
fVashinifton. 



Abbeville c. h., Abbeville 625 
Alexander's, Yoik 441 
\ndersx)nville, Kdgefield 560 
Barefield's or Newsom's, Marion 

412 
Barnwell c.h., Barnwell 609 
Bachelor's Retreat, Pendleton 578 
Be.iutbrt, Beaufort 630 
Beckamsville, Ches;er 480 
Belfast, Laurens 569 
Belle Mr, Lan. aster 471 
Bickley's Store, Abbevlle 636 
Bhicks'.ocks, Chesier 470 
Blark Swamp, Si. Peters 644 
Blairsville, York 450 
Boyd's, Newb'iry 520 
BradlT-ys\ille, Sampler 461 
Brownsville, Marlborou^h 429 
Bnford's BiidK'e, Barnwell 592 
Cainl)nilgf, Abbeville 595 
Camden, Kershaw 472 



Campbell's Mills, Abbeville 617 
Campvillf , Spaiianburg 
Cenireville, Pendleton 570 
Chail. ston, Charlest.m 544 
Chatham, Chesterfield 436 
Cherasv c. h., D^t.-lington 421 
Chester c. h., Chester 476 
Chesterfield c. h., Cht s-e.fitld439 
China Grove, Geoi'getown 461 
Church Hli, Spartan 544 
Cloiigli Mills, Laurens 540 
Colunibi^. Rtchl. nd 5IJ7 
Conwayboro', Ml Samis 462 
Coosi.wh ichif, Ke:i\if.,i-i 614 
Cross Anchor, Spai-ian 583 
Cross Koys, Union 519 
Crowsville, Spartan 551 
D:irlingioi'. c. h, Darlington 436 
Dorchester, Colleton 564 
Diibosc's Ferry, 456 
Duncansville, Barnwell 623 



123 



Dunklin's, Newberry 
Edjrefield c. h,, Edgefield 564 
Fork, Richland 531 
Pork Shoal s or Ueedy River Shoals, 

Greenvdle 594 
Four Mile Branch, Barnwell 600 
Fulton, Sumpter 
Georgetown, Georgetown 482 ' 
Godfrey's Ferry, Marion 442 
Golden Grove, Greenville 584 
Gushen Hill, Spartan 569 
Gowen's Store, Greenville 510 
Granby, Lexinjclon 510 
Greenvdle c h., Greenville 530 
Hancock's, Union 
Harleesville, Marion 450 
Harrisburg, Lancaster 422 
Henderson's or Hope, York 
Hendersonville, Newbury 548 
Humphreysvllle, Union 465 
Huntington, Laurens 571 
Huntsville, Laurens 572 
Indiantown, Williamsburg 498 
Jamesvilie, Clarendon 517 
Johnson's Store, 
King Creek, Barnwell 600 
Kingstree, Williamsburg 482 
Lancaster c. h., Lancaster 476 
Landsford, Chester district 
Laurens c. h-, Laurens 569 
Laurinton, Marlborough 
Lewisville, Chester 487 
Longmire's Store, Edgefield 575 
Lower 3 Runs, Barnwell 631 
Lowry's Mills, 
Lynch Lake, Williamsburg 
M-CuUochsville, Union 510 
M'Danielsville, Spartan 540 
M'Linton, Abbeville 590 
Manchester, Sumpter 501 
Marion c. h., Marion 427 
Marlborough c. h., Marlborough 

412 
Marr's Bluff, Liberty 432 
Meansville, Union 483 
Mechanicsville, Dirlington 432 
Milford, Greenville 280 
Millersburg, Kershaw 484 
Monk's Corner, 
Monticello, Fairfield 542 
Mountain Shoals, Laurens 
Mount "Vintage, Edgefield 570 
Murray's Ferry, Williamsburg 

497 
Nelson's Ferry, Charleston 532 
Nesbit's Iron Works, Spartan 
531 



Newbury c. h., Newbury 551 
New Hope, Spartan 548 
Oak Hall, Greenville 525 
Oak Hill, Laurens 
Orangeburg, Orange 549 
Orrsville, Pendleton 607 
Parker's Ferry, Colleton 
Parkersville, see Elim 
Patterson's Store, Kershaw 
Pea's Siore, Fairfield 499 
Pendleton c. h., Pendleton 562 
Peter's Pond, Edgefield 600 
Pickensviile, Pendleton 544 
Pickensville, Union 457 
Pine Hill, York 434 
Pinevdle, Charleston 
Pocotaligo, Beaufijrt 608 
Pollardsville, Greenville 531 
Poolsville, Spartan 506 
Poplar Grove, Newbury 553 
Port's Ferry, Marion 430 
Price's Store, Spartan 538 
Rantole's, 

Red Bank, Colleton 593 
Reedy River Shoals, see Fork 

Shoals 
Reedsville, Pendleton 544 
Remberston, Sumpter 519 
Richard's Tavern, Edgefield 581 
Richmond's, Chester 490 
Ridge, Edgefield 539 
Robertville, Barnwell 596 
Rocky Mount, Chester 480 
Rogersville, Pendleton 580 
Salem, Salem 496 
Saxon's, Abbeville 
Smith's Store, Spartan 544 
Spartanburg, Spartan 499 
Speedwell Mills, Barnwell 547 
Statesburg, Claremont 492 
Stonesville, Greenville 544 
Stony Point, Abbeville 606 
Sumptersvillc, Claremont 481 
Table Rock, Pendleton 
Tanner's Hill, Newbury 538 
Thompson's Tan Yard 441 
Thorn's Ferry, York 
Traveller's Rest, Greenville 536 
Turnpike, Greenville 530 
Union c. h.. Union 473 
Varennes, Pendleton 571 
Vienna, Abbeville 67C 
Walnut Hill, Greenville 
Well's, Beaufort 634 
Wiersville, 

Willington, Abbeville 504 
Willow Grove, Salem 461 
R 



Willtovvn, Williamsburpr 464 York c. h., York 438 

Winsboro', Fairfield 536 Young's Store, Laurens 555 

Wrightsboro', Union 578 YoungsvLUe, Sumpter 

GEORGIA. 

Situation. Between 30° 30' and 35° N. lat. and 
3° 50' and 9° 5' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north. North Carolina and 
Tennessee. North-east, South Carolina. South, 
Florida. East, Atlantic Ocean. West, West Flo- 
rida and Alabama Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, 300 miles ; from 
east to west, 24*0 miles. 

^rea. About 58,000 square miles, or 37,120,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
water, low and sandy. From the head of tide 
waters to the mountains, agreeably uneven. The 
mountains in the north-west abound with pictu- 
resque scenery. 

Rivers. Savannah, Ogeeche, Canuche, Alta- 
maha, Ohoope, Oconee, Appalacliy, Oakmulgee, 
Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint, Chatahouchee, Hiowee, 
and E*<tenawry. 

Minerals. Yellow ochre, near Milledgeville. 
Copper, near Greensburg. 

Soil. In the low country, sandy, with rich lands 
in the swamps and on the rivers. In the upper 
country, various, much of it good. 

Produce. Cotton the staple. Wheat, and other 
grain, rioe, and tol)acco. 

Climate. In the low country, hot, sultry sum- 
mers. Winters, mild. Upper country, summers 



1S5 

more temperate. Winters, agreeable. The finest 
climate in the United Slates is supposed to be 
about the boundary of Georgia and Tennessee. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Coimties. 


Fopulation. 


Seats of Justice and Fopulation 


Baldwin 


6,356 


MiLLEDGEVILLK 1,257 


Bryan 


2,827 


C. H 


Bullock 


2,305 


Staiesburgh 


Burke 


10,858 


Waynesboro'igh 224 


Camden 


3,941 


St. Marj's 585 


Chatham 


13,540 


Suv.nnah 5.215 


Clarke 


7,628 


Watkinsville 


Columbia 


11,242 


Applington 


Effing^ham 


2,586 


Springfield 


Elbert 


12,156 


Elberton 


* Emanuel 




C. H. 


Franklin 


10,815 


Carnesville 78 


Glynn 


3,417 


Brunswiik 


Greene 


11,679 


Greensborough 411 


Hancock 


13,330 


Sparta 317 


Jackson 


10,569 


Jefferson 70 


Jasper 


7,57:^ 


Monticello 220 


Jefferson 


6,111 


Louisville 524 


Jones 


8,597 


Clinton 85 


Laurens 


2,210 


Dublin 


Liberty 


6,228 


Riceboro' 


Lincoln 


4,555 


Lincolnton 108 


* Madison 




Danielsville 


M'Intosh 


3,739 


Durien 206 


Montgomery 


2,954 


Vernon 


Morgan 


8,369 


Madison 229 


Oglethorpe 


12,297 


Lexington 222 


Pulaski 


2,093 


Hartford 


Putnam 


10,029 


Eatonton 180 


Richmond 


6,189 


Augusta 2,476 


Scriven 


4,477 


Jacksonborough 20 


Tattnal 


2,206 


C. H. 


Telfair 


744 


Telfairton 


Twiggs 


3,405 


Marion 


Warren 


8,725 


Warrenton 123 


Washington 


9,940 


Sandersville 


Wityne 


676 


C.H. 


Wilkes 


14,887 


Washington 596 


Wilkinson 


2,154 


Irwinton 



39 



253,407 



* Laid out since last Census 



1S6 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



J\i'OTE. — The Jirst name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the (bounty, the figures denote tlie distance from 
fVashinglon. 

Alford's Store, Hancock 673 Lexington, Oglethorpe 649 

Allison's Store, Warren 611 Liberty Hall, Morgan 720 

Athens, Clarke 667 Lincolnton, Lincoln 630 

Augusta, Riclimond 589 Lockhart's, Lincoln 620 

BirdsviUe, Burke 660 Lonicera, Baldwin 684 

Brunswick, Glynn 747 Louisville, Jefferson 644 

Bryan c. h-, Bryan 672 Madison, Morgan 694 

CairnsviUe, Franklin 604 Mallory's Store, Wilkes 656 

Clarksboro, Jackson 689 Marion, T>viggs 710 

Columbia c. h., Columbia 607 Miiledgeville, Baldwin 675 

Cook's Law office, Elbert 654 Mill H..ven, Scriven 635 

Coweta, 799 Montgomery c. h , Montgomery 750 

Cre^k Agency, 738 Monticello or Randolph c. h,, Ran- 
Danielsvdle, Madison 624 dolph 719 

Darby, Columbia 597 Petersburg, Elbert 644 

Durien, M'Intosh 722 Post Hill, Morgan 

Dublin, Laurens 720 Powellton, Hancock 667 

Eatonton, Putnam 695 Putnam c. h-, see Etonton 

Elberton, Elbert 669 Riceboro', Liberty 692 

Fairfield, Columbia Robert's. Putnam 685 

Fairfield, Putnam 685 Saundersville, Washington 669 

Filesbiirg, Jackson 724 Savannah, Chatham 658 

Fort Hawkins, 708 Shiver's M.lis, Warren 433 
Fredt nca, St Simond's Island 739 Shoals of Ogechee, Warren 675 
Goose Pond or Strong's, Ogle- Spaita Hancock 653 

thorpe 654 St. Mary's, Camden 790 

Goshtn, Lincoln 638 Sunbury, Liberty 696 

Granisville, Greene 650 Sweet Wa er, Wairen 608 

Greensboro', Greene 671 l^-lfair c. Ii., Telfair 

Hanford, Pulaski 725 Tuckersville, Wayne 

High Shoals, Cl.-rke 704 Warrenion, Warren 631 

Irwinion, Wdkms^ n 699 Washington, Wilkes 646 

Jacksonboro', Scrneii 644 Watkmsville, Clarke 658 

Jackson t . h- or Jefferson, Jack- Waynesboro', Burke 619 

son 699 Welliiorn, 

Jefferson, Camden 766 Wh .tley's Mills, Morgan 711 

Jones c. h. or Clinton, Jones 697 Willian\s', Morgan 

Jourdan's, Lincoln Wi ightsboro', Columbia 629 
Lebanon, Washington 680 



LOUISIANA. 

Situation. Between S9° aud 33° N. lat. and 12° 
and 17° W. long. 



137 

Boundaries. On the north, Missouri Territory 
and state of Mississippi. South, Gulf of Mexico. 
East, Mississippi, and Grulf of Mexico. West, 
Missouri Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, 240 miles; from 
east to west, 210 miles. 

^rea. 48,000 square miles, or 30,540,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Level towards the Gulf of 
Mexico and Mississippi, and abounding with 
swamps and prairies; towards the north-west un- 
dulating. 

Rivers. Mississippi, Pearl, Iberville, Plaque- 
mines, Wachitta, Atcliafalaya, Black, Red, Teche, 
Vermillion, Mermento, Calcasu, and Sabine. 

Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 

Produce. Cotton and sugar are staples. Every 
kind of grain, grass, fruit, and some indigo. 

Climate. The summers in the lower part are 
h(»t and sultry. The upper part more temperate. 
Frost in winter is seldom seen. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Parishes. 


Population. 


Chief Towns and Population 


Ascension 


2,219 


Donaldsville 200 


Assumption 


2,472 




Avoyelles 


1,109 




Baion Rouge west 


1,463 




Concordia 


2,875 


Concordia 200 


Iberville 


2,679 




Interior of La Fourche 1,995 




Natchiioches 


2,870 


Natchitoches 600 


Ouachitla 


1,077 




Ocatahoola 


1,164 




Orleais 


24,552 


New Orleans 17,242 


Plaquemines 


1,549 




Point Coupee 


4,539 




R.pi.les 


2,300 


Alexandria 300 


St. Bi-rnard 


1,020 




St. Charles 


3.291 





428 



St. John Babtiste 


2,990 




St. James 


3,955 




St. Landre'> 
Ope loiisas. 3 


5,048 


Opelousas 150 


St. Mary's and Si. ' 


^ 




Martin's 


i 7,369 


St. Martin's 150 


Attacapas 


J 





76,556 

* Baton Rouse east"^ 

• New Feliciana ^ ^^ q^q 



* St. Helena 

• St. Tammany 

26 



J 



f Baton Rouge 800 
J St Francisville 400 
i Springfield 150 

\JC.H. 



86,556 



* These four parishes were added to the state after the Census was taken. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



J^OTE. — The first name in the fnUo-iving list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, thefgures point out the distance from 
Wasldngton. 



Alexandria, Rapides 1499 
Assumption, La Foiirchi 1351 
Avoyelles Parish, Avoyelles 1332 
Balize, Plaquemine 1377 
Baton Rouge, Feliciana 1356 
Brevelle, Natchitoches 
Carlin Settlement, .\ttacapas 1327 
Cash Clapp Settlement, Johnson 

907 
Catahola, Rapides 1328 
Concordia, Concordia 1284 
Covington, St. Tammany's 1107 
Doylesville, Feliciana 1332 
Feliciana, Feliciana 1308 
Fort St. Philip, Pl.iqiiemine 1355 
Godberry's Tavern, Acadia 1315 
Iberville, Iberville 1317 



Interior Parish, La Fonrche 1375 
La Fourche, Acadia 1306 
Mount Magalia, Rapiues 
Natchitoches, Natchitoches 1448 
New Iberia, Attacapas 1429 
New Orleans, Orleans 1260 
Opelousas, Opelousas 1460 
Point Coupee c- h., Feliciana 
St. Charles, 

St. Francisville, New Feliciana 1318 
St. Helena, St. Helena 1266 
St Martinsville, Attarapias 1443 
Thompson's Creek, Feliciana 
Vermillion Bridge, Attacapas 
Washitta, Washitta 
Wharton, St. Tammany's 



INDIANA. 



This interesting country, lately denominated the Indiana Territory, 
is now the nineteenth state, and such is the fertility of the soil, the salu- 
brity of the climate, and its commanding situation, that it will un- 
questionably become a very bright star in the galaxy of the republic. 
As it is calculated to attract considerable attention at the present mo- 
ment, it may be satisfactory, in addition to the other particulars, to 
give the outlines of the State Constitution, which has been just framed 
by the convention. 



129 

LEGisiATtTRE. — A House of Representatives and Senate. The repre- 
sentatives to be elected annually, the senate every three years. Any 
person 21 years of age, and upwards, is eligible to be a representa- 
tive — the senators must be 25 years of age. They must hold no office 
of profit when elected. The legislature to meet annually on the first 
Monday of December. 

Executive. — Jl Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The governor 
and lieutenant governor are elected for three years, and may be re- 
elected once. The governor to receive a compensation oi one thousand 
dollars per annum; the lieutenant governor tiuo dollars per day while 
tht legislature is in session. 

Judiciary. — A Supreme and Circuit Court. The supreme court to 
be composed of three judges, to be appointed by the governor and se. 
nate for seven years; to have appellate jurisdiction, and to sit at the 
seat of government, with a salary not exceeding eight hundred dollars 
per annum. The circuit courts to consist of a presiding judge, and 
tivo associates, who are to hold courts in each county. The presiding 
judge to be appointed by the joint ballot of the legislature for seven 
years; and the associates to be elected for seven years by the people. 

Sheriffs, Clerks, and Justices, are to be elected by the people — the 
sheriff for three years — the clerks and justices for seven years. 

Militia Officers to be elected by those subject to militia duty; all 
above colonel, by the commissioned officers. 

A State Bank to be established at the seat of governriient, with one 
branch for every three counties— the branch banks must have 30,000 
dollars in specie, each, before they go into operation. 

Involuntary slavery is for ever excluded. The Constitution may be 
amended in 12 years, but never so as to permit of slavery. 

CoRXDON is to be the seat of government for nine years. 

In passing the act for erecting the Indiana Territory into a state. 
Congress appropriated, in addition to the school section, an entire 
township of land for the support of a seminary of learning; and four 
sections for fixing the seat of the state government. 

Situation. Between 37° 45' and 41° 52' N. lat. 
and 7° 40' and 10° 47' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Michigan Territory, 
Lake Michigan, and North west Territory. South, 
Kentucky. East, Ohio. West, Illinois Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, 340 miles ; from 
east to west 138 miles. 



130 

•irea. 3+.000 square miles, or 21,760,000 acres. 

Face of the country. Hilly, not monntainons. 
Scenery rich and variegated. Abounding with 
plains and large prairies. 

Rivers. Ohin, Wabash, White Water, Tippe- 
canoe, Illinois, and St. Joseph's. 

Minerals. (Joal, limestone, freestone, salt, and 
silver. 

Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 

Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, — in the south, cot- 
ton. 

Climate. Temperate and pleasant. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Coutities. 


Population, 


1815. Seat of Justice and ChieJ 


Clark 


7,000 


Charlestotun, New Albany, 


Dearborn 


4,426 


La-wrenceburg 


* Davis 






Franklin 


7,970 


Brookville 


Gibson 


5,330 


Princeton 


Harrison 


6,769 


CORYDON 


* Jackson 




JBrownsto-wn, Velona 


Jefferson 


4,093 


Madison, New Lexington 


• Jennings 




Vernon 


Knox 


6,800 


Vmcennes, Shakertown 


• Orange 




Paoli, Orleans, Bon 


Perry 


3,000 


Troy 


Posey 


3,000 


Blackford, Harmony 


• Ripley 






• Sullivan 




Fort Harrison 


Switzerland 


3,500 


Vevai) 


Warwirk 


3,000 


Darlington 


Washington 


6,606 


Salem, Fredericksburg 


Wayne 


6,290 


Centreville, Salisbury. 



19 



68,780 



Laid out since last Census of 1815. 



lai 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JVOTE. — The first name in the folloiviiig list is the name nf the Post Office, 
tl. e second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
JVashington. 



Allen's Ferry, Harrison 537- 
Bath, 

Belleville, St. Clair 992 
Bellowsfali, Windham 452 
B( Ihlehem, Clark 547 
Bro« nstovvn, Jackson 637 
Caliokia, St. Clair 978 
Charleston, Clark 613 
Colnmbia, Gibson 750 
Corydon, Harrison 666 
Emersonville, Gibson 756 
Fleminj^'s, Wayne 480 
Franklin c.h.or Brookville, Frank- 
lin 519 
Georj^etown, Dearborn 537 
Greenville, 
Harmony, Gibson 786 
Hartford, Dearborn 
Hazleton's Ferry, Gibson 712 
Jeffersonville, Clark 619 
Lauienceburg, Dearborn 529 
Leviston's, Franklin 



Lexington, Jefferson 603 
Madison, Jefferson 562 
Miller's Ferry, Randolph 815 
Montgomeryvdle, Gibson 
Nancevdle, Harrison 
New Albany, Clark 642 
Nt'w Natchez, Jackson 644 
New T -enton, Franklin 
Nichol's Inn, Dearborn 
Paoli, Orange 
Princeton, Gibson 755 
Provine, Clark 600 
Rising Sun, Dearborn 
Salt m, Washington 640 
Salisbury, Wayne 487 
Shawneetown, Randolph 801 
Smockville, Jefferson 547 
Valonia, Jackson 633 
Vevay, Jefferson 562 
Vincennes, Knox 730 
White Oak Sprmgs, Gibson 



MISSISSIPPI. 



This elegant country has just been formed into a State, making the 
twentieth \x\ the Union. It consists of the western portion of the lat^ 
J\Iississippi Territory, as exhibited on the map; the eastern part being 
now called the Alabama Territory. 

It is increasing with great rapidity in populi.tion and improvements. 

Situation. Between 30° 10' and 35° N. lat. and 
11° 30' and 14° 3^' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Tennessee. South, 
Louisiana, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico. East, 
Alahama Territory. West, Louisiana and Mis- 
souri Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, 313 miles ; from 
east to west, 150 miles. 



138 

Area, About 43,000 square miles, or 27,5^0,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Towards the south, level. 
To the north, elevated, and beautifully diversified. 
On the north-east, some spurs of tlie Alleghany 
mountains. 

Rivers, Mississippi, Tennessee, Yazoo, Black, 
Pearl, and Pascagoula. 

Soil. Generally good, in many places excellent. 

Produce. Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, 
gome sugar, and indigo. 

Climate. Generally excellent. Winters, mild, 
and summers not warmer than several degrees to 
the northward. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Counties^ Popitlation, IS16. Seats of Justice and Clurf Totvns. 



Adams 

Amite 

Claiborne 

Franklin 

Greene 

Hancock 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Pike 

• Warren 

Wayne 

Wilkinson 
13 



9,998 
5,059 
3,506 
2,708 
1,721 
1,000 
4,906 
1,784 
1,701 
2,618 

2,084 
7,275 

45,979 



Washington, Nalchez 
Liberty 
Gibsonport 
Franklin c. h. 

St. Louis, Biloxl 
Huntstoii, Union 

Jacksonville 



CFort Adams, Pinkneyville, Wood- 
t ville, Sligo 



Of this population 21,276 are slaves. 



• Laid out since last Census of 1816. 



133 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



ilsrOTE. — The frsf name in the following list is the name of tlve Post Office, 
the second is the name of the Couiity, the figures denote the distance from 
Washington. 

Bi' b's Tavern, Cowper 1124 l^iberty, Amite 1190 

Big BL-.ck River, 1105 Little Black River, 1125 

Blt( Rock River, 1360 Lofius Heights or Fort Adams, 

Bliiff Springs, Jefferson 1231 Wilkinson 1319 

Chickasaw Agency 988 Monticello, Lawrence 

Chickesawhay, Greene 1098 Natchez, Adams 1268 

Choctaw Agency 1147 Nixon's, Marion 1224 

Choctaw Trading House, 1068 Pinckneyville, Wilkinson 1314 

Curven's, Lawrence 1141 Port Gibson, Claiborne 1221 

Ellis's Ferry, Adams 1274 Red Bluff, Claiborne 1192 

Elysian Fields, Amite 1281 Selsertown, Adams 1268 

Estopatchy River, 1110 Tancipiho, Pike 

Ford's, Amite 1199 Walnut Hills, Warren 1242 

Fort Adams, Lofius Heights 1319 Warrenton, Warren 1220 

Franklin c h., Franklin 767 Washington, Adams 1262 

Greene c h , Greene 1125 White River, Lawrence 1225 

Greenville, Jefferson 1241 Woodville, Wilkinson 1299 
Crindstone Ford, Claiborne 1212 



ALABAMA TERRITORY. 

This Territory recently formed part of the Mississippi Territory;, 
but was detached from the western part by last Congress, as exhibit- 
ed on the map. It is increasing fast in population and wealth, and 
will soon be entitled to become a State. The probability is that the 
part of Florida lying to the west of the Chatahouchy River will be an- 
nexed to it, as soon as that country becomes part of the United Slates. 

Situation. Between 30° 10' and 35° N. lat. and 
8° and 11° 30' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, Tennessee. South, 
Gulf of Mexico and West Florida. East, Geor- 
gia. West, Mississippi. 

Extent. From north to south 317 miles ; from 
east to vvfst 17-4 miles. 

Area. About 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 
acres. 



13^ 

Face of the country. Towards the south, level 
and sandy. To the north, elevated and beautiful- 
ly diversifiod. The Alleghany mountains termi- 
nate in the north-east, and exhibit a beautiful ap- 
pearance. 

Rivers. Alabama, Tombie^by, Blafk Warrior, 
Koose, Tallapoose, Tennessee, Chatahouchy, 
Connecuh, and Perdido. 

Soil. Generally good, in many places exceed- 
ingly rich and fertile. 

Produce. Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, 
&c. in great abundance. 

Climate. Generally very good. Winter mild, 
and the summers tempered by the breezes from 
the Gulf of Mpxico, are pleasant. The climate of 
the northern part is probably the finest in the 
United States. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Gounties. 


Population, 


1816. Chief Toims. 


Baldwin 


1,163 


Fort Stoddart 


Clarke 


4,196 




Monroe 


5,296 


Fort Mim, Fort A 


Jackson 


969 




Washington 


2,559 


Fort St. Stephens 


MuHson 


14,200 


Hunlsville 


Mobile 


1,300 


Mobile 



29,683 



Of this population 9,247 are slaves. 

The IndLins not enumerated, probably amount to 20,000. 



180 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



.VOTjE. — The Jirst name in the foUo-iuin^ list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distatice from 
Washingt07i. 

Fisher's, Clarke 1159 Htintsville, Madison 869 

Fort Claiborne 1018 Jackson c. h. 

Fort Jiickson, Monroe 883 Leaf River, Greene 

Fort Montj^omery Meridian, Madison 

Fort Stoddart, Baldwin 1056 Mobile, Mobile 
Fort St. Stephens, Washington Republicsviile, Clarke 1043 

1081 Tensaw, Washington 1024 
Hickory Flat, Madison 760 



ILLINOIS TERRITORY. 

This Territory is increasing fast in population and improvements. 
It will be seen by the statistical table, that /o?/r new counties have been 
laid out since last census ; and it will be observed on the map, that 
3,500,000 acres of land (a space as large as Connecticut and Rhode 
Island) are to be located here for the soldiers who fought in the last 
war. The chance is, that this territory will soon become A state, and 
it will be one of the most important in the Union. 

Situation. Between 37* and 41® ^5' N. lat. and 
10° 15' and 14° 15' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, the North-west 
Territory. South, Kentucky and Missouri Terri- 
tory. East, Indiana. West, Missouri Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, 306 miles ; from 
east to west, 210 miles. 

Area. 50.000 square miles, or 32,000,000 acres. 

Face of the country. In the south, level. To 
the north, elevated and hilly, but not mountainous. 

Rivers. Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, Kaskaskia, 
and Stony. 

Minerals. Coal, salt, flint, copper, lead, iron. 

Soil. Generally fertile. 



1S6 

Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, flax, hemp^ and 
southern part, cotton. 

Climate. Temperate and agreeable. 



Counties. 

* Edward 

* Johnson 

* Madison 
Randolph 
St. Clair 

* Wabash 



TOPOGRAPHFCAL TABLE. 

Population. Chief Towns and Population. 



7,275 
5,007 



12,282 



Kaskaskia 622 



* Laid out since last Census. 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the fnllowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the fgures denote the distance from 
WasMngton. 



BelleviUe, St. Clair 
Big Biiy Settlement, Johnson 868 
Biy; Muddy Creek, Randolph 853 
Black Heath, Randolph 946 
Boon's Mills, White 804 
Cahukia, St. Clair 979 
Carmy, White 831 
Chamber's Store, Washington 
Codd's Ferry, Wabash 833 



Harrisonville, Monroe 953 
Johnson c. h., Johnson 888 
Kaskaskia, Randolph 916 
Madison c h., Madison 995 
Miller's Ferry, Randolph 815 
Palmyra, Edwards 850 
Saline, Randolph 813 
Shawnee town, 811 



MICHIGAN TERRITORY. 



Situation. Between 41° 45' and 45° 35' N. lat. 
and 5° 5' and 8° 18' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north, the .straits of Michil- 
limackinac. South, Ohio and Indiana. » ast, 
Lakes Huron and St. Clair, and Upper Canada. 
West, Lake Michigan. 



137 

Extent. From north to south, S34 miles; breadth 
from e.ist to west, 138 miles. 

Jlrea. 27,000 square miles, or 17,^80,000 acres. 

Face of the country. In the centre, the land is 
high, from whence there is a descent in all direc- 
tions. 

Rivers. St. Mary's, Huron, Detroit, Black, 
Marame, Grand, Carrion, Raisin, &c. 

Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 

Produce. Wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, pota- 
toes, fruit, &c. 

Climate. Temperate and healthy. Winter lasts 
from the middle of November to the middle of 
March. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Districts. 


Population. 


Chief Towns and Population 


Detroit 


2,227 


Dethoit 770 


Erie 


1,340 




Huron 


580 




Michillimackinac 


615 





4 4,762 

LIST OF POST OFFICES. 

JVOTE. — The first name in the folio-wing list is the name of the Post Office, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
fVasliington. 

Detroit, Wayne 566 Frenchtown, Raisin River 530 

NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 

This extensive Territory has not yet been organised into a regular 
governtMent ; but it is rising fast into importance. Part of the United 
States troops are stationed at the village of Prairie de Chiens, and along 
the Quisconsin and Fox Rivers, who will check and controul the In- 
dians in that quarter ; and judging from the value of the country, and 



138 

ihe great tide of emigration to the westward, we may conclude that 
the basis of a society will soon be formed requiring ihe usual forms 
of government in ihe other territories. 

Situation!' Between 41° 45' and 4y° 37' N. lat. 
and 7° and 18° 50' W. long. 

Boundaries. On the north. Upper Canada and 
Lake Superior. Sonth, Indiana and Illinois Ter- 
ritory. East, Upper Canada, and Lake Michi- 
gan. West and south-west, Mississippi River, 
which divides it from the Missouri Territory. 

Extent. From north to south, about 360 miles ; 
from east to west, 450 miles. 

Area. About 147,000 square miles, or 94,080,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Generally undulating. In 
some places hilly, but not mountainous. 

Rivers. Mississippi, Ouisconsin, Fox, Mono- 
monie, Chippeway, &c. 

Soil. A great portion of it excellent. 

Climate. Towards the south, pleasant. To the 
north, cold. 

Few settlement have yet been made in this ex- 
tensive region, and the inhabitants were not includ- 
ed in the last census. 

MISSOURI TERRITORY. 

This great country is rising fast into importance. The probability 
IS, that it will be subdivided into districts of a convenient size, and 
these will be admitted as states, .s soon as they have sufficient popu- 
lation. Two millions of acres of land are appropriated for the soldiers 
between the Arkansas and St. Francis, and half a million above St. 
Charles. 

Situation. Between 26° and 49° 37' N. lat. and 
12° and 49° 30' W. long. 



139 

Boundaries. On the north, unsettled country. 
Soiitli, Louisiana and Gulf of Mexico. Kast, 
Upper Canada, North-west Territory, Illinois 
Terrritory, Kentucky, Tennessee_, Mississippi, 
and Louisiana. West, the Pacific Ocean, and 
south-west the Spanish internal provinces. 

Kxtent. From north to south, about 1380 miles; 
from east to west, about 1680 miles. 

Area. About 1,580,000 sq. miles, or 1,01 1,S00,000 
acres. 

Face of the country. Towards the south, level. 
In many places overflowed by rivers. To the 
north, elevated, swelling out into large hills. To 
the north-west and west, very lofty mountains. 

Rivers. Mississippi, Missouri, Kanses, Grand, 
Osage, Maramec, St. Francis, White, Arkansaw, 
W'achitta, Red, Sabine, Moines, Rio Colorado, 
Rio Bravos de Dios, Rio Guadalupe, Rio del 
Norte, &c. &c. 

Minerals. Very abundant; particularly lead, oif 
which there are extensive and valuable mines near 
St. Genevieve. 

Soil. Every quality. A vast quantity of it rich 
and valuable. 

Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, cotton, and some 
sugar and indigo. 

Climate. In the south, warm. Middle, tempe- 
rate. To the north and west, cold. On the Paci- 
fic Ocean, temperate. 



146 



TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 



Districts'. P 


opulation. 


Cape Girardeau 


3,888 


New Madrid 


2,103 


St. Charles 


3,505 


St. Louis 


5,667 


St. Genevieve 


4,620 


Settlements of Hope"! 


1 


Field and St Fran- \ 


. 188 


cis J 


1 


Do. on Arkansaw 


874 



Chief Towns and PopulatiOiL 
Cape (iirardeau 
New Madrid 
St. Charles 450 
St Louis 1,600 
St. Genevieve 



20,845 



LIST OF POST OFFICES. 



■j\/t>TE. — The Jirst name in the foUoinng list is the name of the Post Oj^re, 
the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance J rom 
Wasldnfflon. 



Arkansas, Arkansas 1470 
Big Rock River, 1360 
Birdbiown, Cape Girardeau 939 
Candnan's, Arkansas 1330 
Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau 

927 
Charette, St. Louis 
^ardenne, St. Charles 1001 
Femme, Osage 1020 
Herculaneum, 954 
Howard c h., Howard 1174 
Jackson c h.. Cape Girardeau 939 
Lawrence c. h., Lawrence 1172 
Little Red River, 1270 
Loutre Lick, St Charles 1800 
Mine-au-Breton, 971 



Missouri Crossings, St. Charles 
1035 

Murphy's Settlement, St. Gene- 
vieve 

K^w Madrid, New Madrid 975 

Poiosi, Washington 984 

Pricis, St. Charles 1062 

Rossville, New Madrid 890 

Si. Charles, Fairfield 1001 

St Francis River, 1089 

St. Genevieve, St. Genevieve 921 

St. John's, 1036 

St. Louis, Fairfield 982 

St. Michael's, Washington 1029 

Woods town. 



iU 



SECTION IV. 

>-i View of the British Possessions to the J^orth 
and Kast of the United States. 

The British lay claim to a vast extent of ter- 
ritory, comprehending from the boundary of the 
United States, before described, to the north pole, 
and across the continent from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific Ocean ; bnt as there are no settlements, ex- 
cept those borderinj; on the St. Lawrence, it is un- 
necessary, in this place, to take notice of any other 
than the following, viz. ; Newfoundland, Cape 
Breton, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Lower 
Canada, and Upper Canada ; to which may be 
added, the country lying west of Upper Canada, 
so as to complete the view of the map. 

Mr. Pinkerton, one of the best British geogra- 
phers, justly remarks, " that those parts of North 
America which still belong to Britain, are exten- 
sive and of considerable importance, though so 
thinly peopled, and in such a disadvantageous cli- 
mate, that they sink into insignificance, when com- 
pared with the great and flourishing territories of 
the United States.'' A view of the map, and of 
the statistical table annexed to it, will afford satis- 
factory evidence of the truth of this position, which 
may be further illustrated by adverting to the fol- 
lowing particulars. 

The whole British territory exhibited on the 
surface of the map, excluding the large waters. 



142 

contaius upwards of one million of square miles : 
yet. the population, thous^li aided by all the power 
and rpsonrees of the British empire, for upwards 
of half a century, contains only between three and 
four hundred thousand inhabitants: while the sin- 
gle state of Ohio, which thirty years ai:;o was a 
savage wilderness, now contains abj)ut five hun- 
dred thousand ; and fifteen of the counties of the 
western part of New York, all settled within thir- 
ty or forty years, contains a population greater than 
all the Canadas. 

Still, however, the Britisli possessions are of 
great importance, both to the parent country and 
to the United States. To the former they afPnrd a 
good market for many of their manufactures, and 
send valuable returns of raw material ; and to the 
lattt'T, particularly the north-east part, they afford 
an excellent market for the surplus produce, par- 
ticularly through the medium of the commercial 
towns on the St. Lawrence, and in Nova Scotia. 

Having taken this general view of these posses- 
sions, we shall now take a more particular account 
of the several sections, geographically arranged, 
from east to west. 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

This island is but partially exhibited on the 
map. The part that we see on it is situated on the 
east side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between 
north latitude 17° 43' and 51° 50', and 18° 30' and 
S^° of east longitude from Washington; answering 
to between 55° and 58° 30' west longitude from 



143 

London. The part exhibited is about §70 miles 
long by about 1^0 miles broad, and contains an 
area of 31,S00 square miles, and about 10,000 in- 
habitants. 

The face of the country, as far as it is known, is 
hilly and covered with forests. It is watered by 
several rivers, and has many large and commo- 
dious harbours. The soil, as far as it has been 
exjdored, is rocky and barren. The cliatate is 
exceedingly disagreeable ; the cold is severe, and 
of long duration; and in summer the heat, though 
it continues but for a short time, is violent. The 
coasts are extremely subject to fogs, attended with 
almost continual storms of sleet and snow ; and, 
excepting a short time in summer, the sky is gene- 
rally overcast with thick clouds. The only vege- 
table production of any importance is timber, which 
is abundant, and is a considerable article of com- 
merce. But the island is chiefly valuable on ac- 
count of the cod-fisheries on the banks in its neigh- 
bourhood. The chief towns are St. John, Placeu- 
tia, and Bonavista. 

CAPE BRETON. 

This island is situated between Newfoundland 
and Nova Scotia, and extends from north latitude 
45° 32' to 47° 05', and from east longitude 15° 30' to 
17° 18', answering to 59° 42' and 61° 30' west 
longitude from London. It is about 100 miles 
long by 80 broad ; but the soil and climate are so 
disadvantageous, that the inhabitants are very few, 
probably not above 1000 ; chiefly attached to the 
fisheries. 



144 

The face of the country is covered with nume- 
rous lakes and forests. The soil has, after various 
experiments, been found totally unfit for agricul- 
ture. Except the hilly parts, the surface of the 
ground appears to have but little solidity, being 
every where covered with moss and water. The 
climate is exceedingly cold, foggy, and unwhole- 
some. There are some veins of coal in the island; 
but, with the exception of timber, it can scarcely 
boast a single vegetable production of value. The 
principal towns are Sidney and Louisburg. 

St. JOHN, OR PRINCE EDWARD. 

This island is situated in the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence, about 30 miles to the westward of Cape 
Breton ; and on the north of Nova Scotia and New 
Brunswick, from which it is divided by a narrow 
strait. It is about 110 miles long and 30 broad ; 
and, being rich and fertile, contains about 5000 
inhabitants. It is therefore of more importance 
than Cape Breton ; but the climate is cold, damp, 
and foggy, which will for ever prevent it from 
being thickly settled. The chief towns are Prince- 
town, Richmond, Charlotte, and Stukely. 

To the north and east of these islands, th<'re is 
a group called the Magdalen Islands, which, being 
entirely unsettled, merit no particular notice. 

We may also observe here, that the large island 
of Anticosti, situated at the outlet of the river St. 
Lawrence, is entirely barren and uninhabited. 



146 

NOVA SCOTIA. 

This is a large peninsula, extending from New 
Brunswick to the Atlantic, and is about 230 miles 
long by 110 broad. The country along the coast 
is nigged and stony, but there are some good spots 
of land in the interior; and there are valuable 
mines of coal, limestone, plaster of Paris, and iron 
ore. The climate is pretty similar to that of the 
islands already noticed ; but being further south, 
the winters are more mild, though the vicinity to 
the Banks of Newfoundland causes it to be much 
exposed to fogs. The province is settled by 
French, New Englanders, and British people | 
but, except the sea-board, the settlements are very 
thin, the whole population probably not exceeding 
50,000. 

Halifax is the capital, and is advantageously 
situated on the west side of a spacious and commo- 
dious harbour, having an easy and safe entrance. 
It is built on the declivity of a hill, the summit of 
which is about 320 feet above the level of the sea, 
and it is laid out into squares, the streets crossing 
one another at right angles. It contains about 1000 
houses and 8000 inhabitants. The country round 
the town is quite sterile, the land being rockv, and 
the soil generally unfit for cultivation ; but its con- 
venience as a port causes it to be pretty well sup- 
plied with provisions. It is occupied by the Bri- 
tish as a naval station, which renders it an objtjct 
of great importance to the United States. 

Liverpool is built on Liverpool bay, and is a 
commercial settlement of very considerable import- 



146 

ance, containing about 200 houses and 1000 inlia- 
bitants. the greater part of whom are from the 
United StaU^s. 

Tiie other principal towns are Annapolis, which 
has of late carried on a great trade with Eastport, 
in the district of Maine, Onslow, Truro, Windi^or, 
YaruHfUlh, and Shelhurn; which last was remark- 
able as l>eing the great resort of British adherents 
during tlie revolutionary war. In 1783 it contain- 
ed 600 families ; but it has of late declined, the 
greater part of its inhabitants having returned to 
the United States. 

• NEW BRUNSWICK 

Extends from Nova Scotia to Lower Canada, 
and from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the district 
of Maine, being about 180 miles long and 120 
broad. This province being united with Nova 
Srutia- Cape Breton, and St. John's, in one mili- 
tai\v command, subject to the governor of Lower 
Ciuiada, it excites no great attention either in a 
civil or military point of view. The soil and cli- 
mate are somewhat assimilated to those of the dis- 
trict of Maine contiguous to it. There are a num- 
ber of very extensive rivers in the interior, of which 
St. John's is the chief; and the soil is represented 
as being fertile, producing grain and grass in plen- 
ty. The inhabitants probably amount to about 
45.000. St. Andrew's and St. John's are the only 
towns worth notice. 



147 



LOWER CANADA 

Is situated upon both sides of the St. Lawrence 
river, and extends from north latitude 45° to 53°, 
and from west longitude 4° west, to 12° 30' east 
from Washington; answering t) 61° 30' and 81° 
west fr« m London. Its greatest length from east 
to west is aliout 7^0 miles, and breadth from north 
to south about 560. Seventy miles of this pro- 
vince border on New York, 90 on Vermont, 33 
on New Hampshire, and S45 on the district of 
Maine. 

The face of the country is rather hilly, and in 
some places mountainous ; but it contains a great 
deal of good soil, producing grain, and grass in 
abundance ; and a little tobacco is raised for pri- 
vate use. The settlements are mostly confined to 
the banks of the rivers, and the greater part of the 
interior of the country is covered with forests ; but, 
except in the meadows, the trees are generally of 
small growth. 

The climate is very severe, and the beat and 
cold go to great extremes. The thermometer rises 
sometimes in summer to 98°, and in winter the 
mercury freezes. The winter sets in early in No- 
vember, and continues till April, during which the 
ground is entirely covered with snow, often from 
four to six feet deep. In January and February 
the frost is so intense, that there is danger of being 
frost-bitten, and to guard against it the inhabitants 
cover the whole body with furs, except the eyes 
and nose. 



148 

The population is computed at about 150,000 : 
and they carry on a very considerable commerce, 
which chiefly centres in the two great Canadian 
towns, (Quebec and Montreal. 

A very considerable portion of the trade of this 
province is derived from Upp^r Canada and the 
northern parts of the United States ; and the ex- 
ports, consisting; chiefly nf grain, flour, provisions, 
potash, timber, naval stores, furs, &c. have of late 
been very great. The imports are chiefly British 
goods, part of wliich are distributed through the 
northern parts of the United States. 

The chief towns are Quebec and Montreal, and 
these being places of very s;reat importance, de- 
mand a little more detail in description. 

Quebec is situated on a prominent point of land, 
between tlie rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, 
about 320 miles from the sea, in north latitude 46° 
d2\ west longitude from London 71°; and east 
from Washington 6°. It is 80 miles distant from 
the nearest point in the United States, in the dis- 
trict of Maine — 170 from Montreal — 343 from 
Plattsbnrg — and 421 from Albany. The town is 
divided into upper and lower. Th<- upper town 
stands on a high limestone rock, of great natural 
strength, and it is well fortified. The citadel is 
constructed on the highest part of Cape Diamond, 
350 feet above the river, and is very strong ; and 
the whole works have, of late years, been much 
improved. 

The lower town occupies the ground at the basis 
of the promontory, which has been gained from the 
cliffs, ou one side, by mining, and from the river, 



149 

ou the other, by the construction of wharves ; and 
this is the principal place of commerce. 

In consequence of the peculiarity of situation^ 
the streets are generally irregular and uneven ; 
many of them very narrow, and but few of them 
are paved. The houses are generally built of 
stone, and are very rough and unsightly, the inte- 
rior being plain and void of taste. The public 
buildings are numerous, but the greater part of 
them are equally void of taste and elegance with 
the private building!^; though much labour and ex- 
pense must have been bestowed on their construc- 
tion. The principal public buildings are the Ca- 
tholic cathedral church, the Jesuit's college, the 
seminary, the Pr(»testant metropolitan church, the 
court house, the horel Uieu, convent of Ursulines, 
library, general hospital, &c. The monastery, 
once a building of considerable importance, was 
destroyed by fire, in 1796 ; and the order became 
extinct. 

The population appears, by the most recent ac- 
counts, to be about 15,000. About two-thirds of 
the inhabitants are of French extraction, who are 
gay and lively ; and the inhabitants generally are 
represented as being; polite and hospitable. 

The river, opposite the city, is from 900 to 1000 
yards broad, and its greatf^st depth, at high water, 
is thirty fathoms, the anchorr.ge being every where 
safe and good. The flow of the tide is very strong, 
rising usually to eig!)teeu feet, and at spring tides 
to twenty-four. The river, in winter, is frequently 
frozen over, when the scene becomes very amusing 
and interesting, afibrding the country people, on 



150 

the south side, an opportunity of bringing their 
produce to market over the ice ; and presenting 
a field for the exerrise of the citizens, who are 
frequently seen driving their iiorses and carri.^ges 
on the frozen etirface of the river. Below the 
town, the rivor widens out into a s|)acious basin, 
capable of containing a vast quantity of shipping. 
Immediately below this it is divided by the island 
of Orleans into two streams, from whence it widens 
out to ten or twelve miles, continuing to increase till 
it reaches the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it is ±70 
miles wide, and discharges t»ne of the largest col- 
lections of fresh water on the surface of the globe. 
It is navigable with ships of the largest burden to 
Quebec, and with merchant vessels to Montreal. 
The tide flows to Three Kivers, about 70 miles 
above Quebec. 

The view round Quebec is beautiful. To the west 
are the heights and plains of Abraham, rendered 
memorable by the battle between the French and 
English in 1759. To the north is the river St. 
Charles, of which the windings present a pictu- 
resque appearance. To the south and south-east 
is the river and highlands above Point des Peres. 
To the east is the basin, Point Levi, Isle of Or- 
leans, with the north and south channels. To the 
north-east are the mountains of Beauport, stretch- 
ing beyond the river Montmorenci, remarkable as 
exhibiting one of the most wonderful falls in the 
world, a description of which shall close this 
account. 

The river Montmorenci rises in the north-east, 
and passes through a course of considerable extent. 



191 

On its apprnacli to the St. Lawrence, the channel 
is bounded by precipitous rocks, its breadth be- 
comes much contracted, and the rapidity of the 
current is augmented. On the east side the bank 
is ai»out 50 feet high, and nearly perpendicular; 
the opposite bank being of a singular shape, re- 
sembling tlie ruins of a lofty wall. The river de- 
scends between them with a foaming current, 
broken by huge masses of stone at the bottom. It 
continues to augment in velocity, and forms several 
cascades before reaching the great fall : when it is 
precipitated, in an almost perpendicular direction, 
over a rock 34(5 feet high, forming one of the most 
suhlime viewp in the world. 

The breadth of the fall is 100 feet. The basin 
is bounded by steep cliffs, composed of grey lime- 
stone. An advantageous view of the fall may be 
obtained from the beach of the St. Lawrence, when 
it is low wate-r. 

Montreal is situated on the south-east side of 
an island of the same name, in the river St. Law- 
rence, in 45° 28' north latitude; and longitude west 
from London 73° 35'; being east from Washington 
3° 25'. It is 170 miles above Quebec, 500 from 
the sea, 40 from the nearest land in the United 
States, and about 200 from Kingston, at the east 
end of Lake Ontario. It is built in the form of a 
parallelogram, extending from north-east to south- 
west, and was originally surrounded by a wall to 
defend it against the Indians ; but it was never in 
a state to resist the attack of a regular army. The 
fortificati(ms fell to ruin long ago, and, in pur- 
suance of an act of the colonial legislature, they 



158 

have lately beerv entirely demolished. The cHy, 
like Quebec, is divided into upper and lower, 
though the diflference of level between them does 
not exceed fifteen feet. 

The streets are sufficiently wide, and regularly 
disposed, crossing one another mostly at right 
angles, so that the city is airy and agreeable. The 
houses of the principal inhabitants are neat and 
commodious ; and the store-houses, for merchan- 
dise, are spacious and secure ; but many of the 
other houses are badly built, and have a very poor 
appearance. The principal public buildings are 
the hotel Dieu, founded in 1644; the general hos- 
pital, place d^armes, the cathedral, a Roman ca- 
tholic and an Knglish church, a seminary, two 
convents, government house, and a court of law. 
Anciently there were a number of gates to the city, 
distinguished by several names, some of which yet 
remain, but the walls being away, the gates are 
now only known by name. 

The front of the city stands on an eminence of 
from 10 to 15 feet above the level of the river, 
which forms a natural and very excellent wharf, 
the seat of an extensive commerce ; and the environs 
are composed of four streets, viz. Quebec, St. Law- 
rence, Recolet, and St. Antoine. The city and 
suburbs contain about 1^,000 inhabitants; and the 
city is in such a state of improvement that it pro- 
mises to become one of tiie most important places 
on the western continent. 

Montreal Island is 30 miles long, and its great- 
est breadth between 7 and 8 ; its circumference 
being about 70 miles. The laud rises gradually 



15B 

from the river, and, at the distance of two milee 
and a half from the city, forms a mountain, ai^out 
700 feet high^ from the top of which there is a fine 
view. 

The island is divided into nine parishes, and is 
the seat of a very extensive population. The prin- 
cipal settlements, besides Montreal, are La Chine, 
so called from a project formed to penetrate across 
the continent to China from this place ; St. Joseph, 
Le Saut, St. Laurent, St. Genevieve, and St. Ann. 

Tke Isle of Jesus lies to the north-west of Mon- 
treal, from which it is divided by the river des 
Prairies ; so called from being bordered on each 
side by meadows. This island is about 15 miles 
long, and 5 broad, and contains several settlements: 
and to the westward are two smaller islands, nam- 
ed Bisart, and Perrot. To the north of the I««le 
of Jesus is the river St. John, a branch of the 
Outawas, or Grand River, a considerable stream, 
which towards the west is interspersed with such 
a vast variety of islands, that there appears as 
much land as water. To the west of this are the 
Two Mountains, and to the south of them the 
Outawas River extends itself into a large basin, 
called the Lake of the Two Mountains, being 
about 8 or 9 miles long, and 4 or .^ broad ; and, 
being divided into two channels by the Isle Perrot, 
it forms a junction with the St. Lawrence in the 
Lake St. Louis. 

Lake St. Louis is only an extension of the river 
St. Lawrence, about 4 miles broad, and stretches 
to La Chine, where it contracts to the breadth of 
little more than half a mile^ and opposite to La 



154 

Prairie there are considerable rapids; below which 
it spreads out into a stream from one to two miles 
wide, interspersnd with a number of islands, among 
wbioh the river runs wiili a strong; current, and it 
is pretty deep. It is navigable with merchant ves- 
sels to Montreal, but it requires a strong; east wind 
to bring them up^ so that the passage is very 
tedious ; but the city, nevertheless, has j^reat mer- 
cantile advantages. It enjoys a much more favour- 
able cliiitate than Quebec, the winters being six 
weeks shorter. The soil around it is rich and fer- 
tile, and sue markets are abuiidantly supplied ; a 
considerable portion of the sijp|dies, before the 
war, were furnisiied by the United States. 

The mode of navigating the St. Lawrence and 
Outawas upwards, is interesting. The St. Law- 
rence is navigated by Hat-botlomed boats, about 
forty- nine feet long, ^nd six across, at the broadest 
part. They generally carry about 9000 /6s. and 
are conducted by four men and a guide. Each 
boat is supplied with a mast and sail, a grappling 
iron, with ropes, and setting poles. When load- 
ed, they take their departure from La Chine, gene- 
rally eight or ten together, that the crews may aid 
each other; and the time of performing the voyage 
to Kingston and back is about ten or twelve days; 
the distance being about 200 miles. 

From twenty to thirty of these boats are kept in 
the service of the government, for transporting ne- 
cessaries to the troops, stores for the engineer <le- 
partment, and presents of European manufiieiure 
to the Indian tribes. 



155 

The navigation of the Oufawas. or Grand River, 
is perfornird in bark ea)wes, in a direct course to 
St. Joseph, on Lake Huron, and thence to the new 
estahlishiuent called Kamanastigua, on Lake Su- 
perior. 

The other principal towns and settlements are, 
Isle aux Noix, St. John, Chambly, an<l Sorel, on 
the river Sorel or Richelieu ; and Three Rivers, 
St. Supliie, St. Ann's, and Sillery, on the St. 
Lawrence. 

UPPER CANADA 

Extends from Lovvor Canada to Lake Winni- 
pes;, in lon^itudf 97°» and comprehends a vast ex- 
*tent of territory; heing from east to west about 600 
miles, and about 360 on an average from north to 
south. — The isrea is ;»b«»ut 290,000 square miles. 

The settlements are chiefly confined to the banks 
of the rivers and lakes, and presiMit a mo^t exten- 
sive, and in some pla< es a thickly settled frontier 
to the United States. About 300 miles of this 
prnvin<e bruder on the rivers and lakes opposite 
the M(( hii^an territory ; l.iO on Lake Erie, oppo- 
site the state of Oliio; i5 opposite the state oi 
Pennsylvania; and 380 on the state of New York. 

The inhabitants are ((imposed of French, Eng- 
lish, and Scottish, and a a;reat many have emigrat- 
ed from the Uni'ed States within these last twentj 
years, principriUy of Dutch and German extrac- 
tion. The wliole inhabitauts may be estimated at 
100,000, and as the district along the lakes enjoys 
a pretty mild climate and good soil, they are likely 
to increase. 



156 

That part of the province whieli stretches be 
tvveea the lakes, lying between the 42(1 and 4'5tli 
degree of north latitude, is by far the most valua- 
ble, and enjoys a comparatively temperate climate, 
the winters being generally as mild as at Philadel- 
phia. The banks of Lake Erie and of the Niaga- 
ra river between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario are 
beautiful, and will, in all probability, become a 
thickly settled country, to which, and to the ad- 
joining states, the inhabitants of the lower pro- 
vinces will be chiefly indebted for their trade. 

Agriculture is pretty well understood, and the 
produce is abundant. A good deal of domestic 
manufacture is carried on, and there are some card- 
ing machines, and a few coarse woollens are made;- 
but they are not encouraged, the genius of the go- 
vernment being directed to secure as many impor- 
tations as possible from England. 

The great leading feature in the geography of 
the British possessions is the gulf and river St. 
Lawrence, connected with the great lakes, and the 
navigable rivers that flow into them. They admit 
of the greatest inland navigation in the world, and 
this, to a maritime and commercial nation, like Bri- 
tain, is of such importance, that we cease to won- 
der at the high value she sets on her North Ame- 
rican possessions. From the view that has been 
exhibited, it will be perceived, that the gulf and 
river St. Lawrence is navigable with ships of the 
largest size to Q^uebec, nearly 700 miles from the 
sea. Merchant vessels ascend to Montreal, 17O 
miles above Quebec. Batteaux of large size as- 
cend to Kingston, about SOO miles above Montreal 



157 

Lake Ontario is navigable with ships of large bur- 
den, 170 mileSj to the mouth of the Niagara river, 
and that river is navigable eight miles to Qiieens- 
town. Here there is an overland carriage toChip- 
peway, distant ten miles, from whence the river is 
navigable in large boats, 23 miles, to Fort Erie. 
Lake Erie is navigable with ships of large burden 
to Maiden, 250 miles, and the navigation is conti- 
nued through Detroit river, S4< miles ; through 
Lake St. Clair 40 ; through Huron river 40 ; and 
through Lake Huron to the rapids of St. Mary, 
250 miles. There is a portage by a canal of three 
miles at these rapids ; and then Lake Superior is 
navigahle to the grand portage leading to Lake 
Winnipeg, 300 miles, and to its west end, 150 
miles more. The whole of this extended naviga- 
tion is therefore 2337 miles; and it is all navigable 
with ships excf'pt 313 miles, of which only 10 re- 
quire the use of land carriage. 

Besides the direct navigation to the head of Lake 
Superior, there are various minor branches, some 
of them of great extent and importance ; and there 
are many portages to the head waters of the west- 
ern rivers. The Outawas or Grand River connects 
Montreal, by an inland passage, with the upper 
lakes, and with James's bay ; and from the last, 
there is a continued chain of water communiccitionL 
to the Arctic Ocean. The grand portage connects 
Lake Superior with tlie Lake of the Woods, Lake 
Winnipeg, and the interior of the country, to a 
great extent; and from the head of Lake Superior, 
there is a short portage to the head waters of the 
Mississippi. 



158 

The chief towns and settlements in Upper Ca- 
nada are — 

York, the capital, situated on the north side of 
Lake Ontario; Newark, Queenstown, and Chippe- 
\vay, on the Niagara river ; Kingsioti, at the east 
end of Lake Ontario ; and Maiden and Sandwich, 
on tlie straits of Detroit. 

The territory west of Upper Canada, and the 
coast of Lahrador, thoui:;h t)f great extent, being 
entirely unsettled, merit net parficulir notice. 

The island on the west coast, inhabited by the 
Wakash nation, may be considered for the present 
as an independent state. The iuhahiiants are re- 
presented as lieing a savage, warlike |)eople, 
against whose power it will be necessary to guard, 
should any settlement be formed on the north-west 
coast. 



i 



159 



SECTION V. 

A View of the Spanish Internal Provinces, and of 
Florida. 

The whole of the internal provinces are exhi- 
bited on the map, together with the peninsula of 
California, Upper California, the unexplored conn- 
try to the north-west, and a part of the vice-royalty 
of Mexico on the south. 

The internal provinces extend from the Rio del 
Norte to the Gulf of California, an<l from the Gulf 
of Mexico to the north-west limits of Sinora, and 
to New Mexico. The length from the south-east 
part to the north-west part is about 900 miles ; and 
the breadth from norih-east to south-west is about 
900. The whole space is about 630.000 square 
miles, and comprehends the Intendancies of Du- 
rango in the middle, Sinora on the west, and San 
Louis Potosi on the east. 

The face of the country \s very various. On the 
sea-coast, to the eastward, it is pretty level, but 
soon rises to a considerable eminence. The coun- 
try in the interior is remarkably diversified, a great 
part of it being covered by lofiy mountains. In 
the north-west, the mountains are in many places 
so high, that they are covereil with perpetual snow. 
By viewing the map, it will be readily seen, that 
the greater part of the rivers that water this coun- 
try, rise among these mountains. I'he Rio del 
Norte, already noticed, waters the whole north- 
east part, ill a course exceeding liOO miles. The 



160 

llio Colorado of the west, rises near the Rio del 
Norte, and pursuius; a south-west passage of more 
than 600 miles, falls into the head of the Gulf of 
California. The Rio Gila rises among the moun- 
tains in the intt-rior, and pursuing a west course of 
350 miles, falls also into the Gulf of California. 
The only other river of note is the Hiaqui on the 
west, and the Rio de San Fernando, flowing into 
the Gulf of Mexico. 

Having taken this general view of the country, 
Ave shall now take a more minute view by inten- 
dancies, which will afford an opportunity of bring- 
ing into notice the valuable mines scattered through 
the country, which are generally denoted on the 
map by a small star. 

INTENDANCY OF BAN LOUIS FOTOSI. 

This intendancy comprehends the province of 
JVew Santander, and Jfew Leon, in the internal 
provinces. On the south it extends into the vice- 
royalty, and in the north and east it comprehends, 
by the Spanish account, the province of Texas ; 
but the whole of this territory, and all that part of 
New Santander which lies to the north of the Rio 
Bravo, is, by the Americans, considered part of the 
territory of the United States. — The part of New 
Santander lying south of the Rio del Norte, and 
New Leon, are the only provinces to be noticed 
here. 

This country, as exhibited on the map, is about 
160 miles square, comprehending about 23,600 
square miles, and the inhabitants are computed at 
about 70,000. 



161 

The soil is composed of secondary and alluvial 
formations. The climate is very unequal. In 
summer it is extremely hot, and in winter the cold 
is very severe, particularly during the prevalence 
of those winds which blow over the country JVoni 
the northern regions, towards the torrid zone. The 
sky, however, is generally pure and serene. The 
country is gifted by nature with the most precious 
productions, particularly towards the province of 
Zacatecas, where the mines of gold and silver are 
said to be very rich. It is, however, not very 
favourably situated in a commercial point of view, 
for, though there are a number of ports along the 
Gulf of Mexico, the depth of water seldom exceeds 
IS feet. — The principal towns and settlements are, 
Monterryf Linares^ Soto la Marino^ and Remosa. 

INTENDANCY OF DURANGO. 

This intendancy comprehends the provinces of 
Cohauila and J\*ew Biscay, together with the moun- 
tainous district, called the. Bo Ison de Mapimif which 
is sometimes considered as a country not conquer- 
ed by the Spaniards, and sometimes as composing 
a part of this intendancy. 

The province of J\reiv Mexico to the north, al- 
though separated from the intendancy of Durango 
by a desert, extending from the Passu del Norte 
to Shibilleta, is represented on the map in connex- 
ion with it. 

This intendancy, including JS'^ew Mexico, ex- 
tends from north to south about 1200 miles, and 
450 from east to west. Its area is about 380,000 



16a 

square miles ; aud the inhabitants amount, by the 
most recent accounts, to 300,000, being a little less 
than one to a square mile. 

The soil is by no means fertile throughout this 
district: but there arc rnnny rich valleys, so that 
the country might sustain a great population. The 
objects of the greatest importance are the mines, of 
whicli the produce is very considerable, except in 
New Mexico, where no gold or silver has been 
found ; but there is in that province an extensive 
copper mine ; and in some of the mountains near 
Santa Fe, there has been found a stratum of talc, 
which is so large and flexible as to render it capa- 
ble of being divided into thin flakes, of which the 
greater proportion of the houses in Santa Fe, and 
all the villages to the north, have their window- 
lights made. 

As this territory comprehends a great extent of 
latitude, the climate is very various. Generally 
speaking, the heat and cold go to great extremes ; 
but the air is pure and serene, and there is very 
little rain, except at one season of the year. Pike, 
in treating of New Mexico, says, "No person ac- 
customed to reside in the temperate climate of 36 
and 37 degrees of north latitude, in the United 
States, can form any idea of the piercing cold in 
that parallel in New Mexico; but the air is se- 
rene, and unaccompanied by d^mpsand fogs, as it 
rains but once in the year, and some years not at 
all. It is a mountainous ccmntry. The grand 
dividing ridges, which separate the waters of the 
Hit) di'l Norte from those of California, border it 
on the line of its western limits, and are covered 



>- 



163 

in some places with eternal snows, which give a 
keenness to the air that could not be calculated 
upon, nor expected, in a temperate zone." 

The principal towns and settlements are Duran- 
go^ Chihuahua, St. Jean del Rio, and Pallalein, 
in New Biscay ; and Montelovez, Saltilla, and 
Santa Rosa, in Cohauila. In New Mexico the 
principal town is Santa Fe^ the capital of the pro- 
vince. 

INTENDANCY OF SINORA. 

This infendancy comprehends the provinces of 
Sinora and Sinaloa, extending; in length 540 
miles, and in breadth about 270. The area is 
about 145,800 square miles, and the population 
about 260,000. 

The soil in this intend ancy is dry and sandy, 
except towards the Gulf of California, where it is 
much better; but there is very little timber in the 
country. — T!ie air is humiti upon the sea-roast, but 
dry a. d pure in the interior. The country abounds 
with gold and silver mines. 

The chief towns and settlements are — Tn Sino- 
ra, AuisPE, the capital, Sinora, and Terrante; 
and in Sinaloa, the capital of the same name. 

PROVINCE OF OLD CALIFORNIA. 

This province embrares all the jjeniusula stretch- 
ing from north latitude 23^ 10 near 32°: beiiru; iirar- 
ly TOO miles long, and on an averag s:boa; 70 
miles broail. The area is .bout 50,000 square 
miles, and ihe populaii.n about i)000. 

Y 



161 

A chain of mountains runs through the centre of 
vthe province its w^holc length, of which the highest 
point is about 5000 feet. At the foot of the moun- 
tains t'ne soil is satuly and stony ; and, indeed, in 
the vvliole province, the soil is remarkably light 
and arid ; vegetation is at a stand, and rain being 
very unfiequent, there is a general want of water. 
There are few springs, and. through a remarkable 
fatality, where they are, the rork is generally 
naked. In some places, however, there are springs 
and earth together, and where this is the case, no- 
thing can exceed the fertility of the soil. The cli- 
mate is delightful. The sky is constantly serene, 
and of a deep blue, generally without a cloud ; or 
should a few clouds appear, it is only for a mo- 
ment at the setting of the sun, and then they dis- 
play the most beautiful sliarles of violet, purple, 
and green. No where could an astronomer find a 
more delightful abode than on this coast. 

The principal towns and settlement are, Loreto, 
Santa Jlna, and San Joseph. 

INTENDANCY OF NEW CALIFORNIA. 

This intendancy ex'ends from near north lati- 
tude 33°, to the bay of St. Francisco, in latitude 
38°; an<l from the mountains, as exhibited on the 
map, to the sea ; being about 4riO miles long, and 
an .'iverage breadth of 110. Its area is about 
50,000 square miles, and the population about 
16,000. 

The soil of New California is much superior to 
that of the peninsula, and the country is well wa^ 



165 

tered. The climate is much more mild than in the 
same parallels of latitude on the eastern coast of 
the continent; hut the sky is often overcast and 
cloudy. Good wines are made all along the coast, . 
to beyond 37° north latitude, and olives grovi^ plen- 
tifully in the south. The face of the country is 
agreeably diversified, and prairies of considerable 
extent are situated betvi^een the coast and the moun- 
tains. 

The principal settlements are, St. Francisco, 
Monterry, St. Michael, St. Fernando, and St. 
Diego. St. Carlos de Mon terry, the capital, 
was founded in 1770- 

The large country lying between the Californian 
Mountains and New Mexico, has been but par- 
tially explored. Future researches will, no doubt, 
make important discoveries in this quarter; and at 
some future day the Gulf of California, and the 
llio Colorado of the Mest, will probably be the 
seats of large and important settlements. 

PAUT 0¥ THE VICE-ROYALTY. 

The part of the vice-royalty exhibited on the 
map, comprehends part of Gimdalaxara ; part of 
Zacatecas ; part of St. Louis; and part of JVew 
Saiitander. It extends from the Gulf of xVlexico 
to Siualoa, and from north latitude 25° i50' to 2i° 
47'? being 414< miles long by 90 broad, and con- 
tains 35,000 square miles, and about 120,000 inha- 
bitants. 

The soil and climate of the eastern part has been 
noticed under the head of the inlendancy of San 



166 

Louis Potosi. In the interior tliere is a high table 
land, and tlie soil is singularly arid and barren. 
There are a considerable number of mines, and the 
country abonnds with soda. 

The principal towns are. J^ew Santander, Fres- 
mllo, Sombrerete, and *SY. Lucea. 

FLORIDA. 

Thi«! province is situated on the south of the 
United Slates, and originally was divided into 
east and west ; but the United Stales having, in 
virtue of the purchase of Louisiana, claimed and 
taken possession of all that part situated to the 
westward of the Perdido river — the part that 
stretches between that river and th«^ Apalachicola, 
is represented on the map in connexion with the 
peninsula, under the general name of Florida. 

The province, so constituted, extends from north 
latitude S5° to -31°; and fiom longitude 3° 30' to 
10° 22' W. from Washington. The length from 
north to south is 3/0 miles, and the greatest breadth 
from east to west is about 350 miles ; but the ave- 
rage breadth of the peninsula is only about 120. 
The area in square miles is about 58,000; and the 
population about 10.000, being nearly six square 
miles to one inhahitaut. 

The face of the country is, generally speaking, 
low and sandy. In the interior there is a ridge of 
sandy hills, but there is no bold scenery ; while 
the country abounds in many places with swamps 
and marshes to such a degree, as to render it very 
unhealthy. Having such an extensive sea-coast, 



167 

however, on which there are a great number of 
fine harbours, there are many choice situations for 
towns, and the whole country, if cleared, drained, 
and cultivated, would support a very considerable 
population. 

The largest rivers are, St. John's, and Apala- 
chicola; but there are many smaller ones, and the 
ba.YS are very numerous, and some of them very ex- 
tensive. 

The soil is generally sandy, but there is a great 
deal of excellent alluvial land on the banks of the 
rivers, and the intervals between the hills are many 
of them rich, affording excellent ranges for cattle. 

There seems to be but a small supply of mine 
rals in the country. Limestone and iron ore are 
found on the banks of the Apalachicola river; and 
there are some mineral springs. 

The country being nearly surrounded by the 
sea, and within the range of the trade winds, en- 
joys a comparatively temperate climate. The 
summers are generally pleasant, and the winters 
very mild. Frost and snow are never seen, ex- 
cept in the northern extremity, and there but sel- 
dom. Cattle graze in the fields all winter, and 
many places produce two crops in a year. 

The principal towns are, St. Au^ustinp, on the 
Atlantic, and Pensacola. on the Gulf of Mexico. 



168 



SECTION VI. 



«5 View of the West Indies, and the Islands of 
Bahama and Bermudas. 

The West India islands, together with part 
of the Spanish Maine, and pari of the Bahama Isl- 
ands, are exhibited on the south-east corner of the 
map, on a redacted scale. 

The islands which have received the name of 
West Indies, lie hetwi^en latitude 10° and 28° 
north, and louiijitude 5\}° and 8j° west frtim Lon- 
don. The southern exuemitv U the islatul of Tri- 
nidad, and VValti rN Key, to the north of the {Ba- 
hama Inlands, is the northern. The n;tmc West 
Indies was conferred upon them by the first disco- 
verers, from a mistuken notion thai they constitut- 
ed a part of India, which they were in quest of. 
They may he classed as follows : 

On the west, the lari^e islands Cuba, Jamaica, 
St. Domiyigo, or Hayti, and Porto Rico, with the 
lesser islands attached to them. 

On the east, the C.;rihhean Islands, consisting 
of Crab Island^ St. Thomas, Jinegada, Tortola, 
Santa Cruz, Ans^uilla, St. JMartin, St. Bartholo- 
mew, Saba. Barbuda, St. Kustatia, St. Christo- 
j)hprs, JVevis. Atttigua. Montserrat, Guadaloupe, 
Deseada, Marigalante, Dominica, ,Uai'tinico, St. 
Lucia, Barhadoes, St. Vincent^ Grenada, Tobago, 
and Trinidad. 

On the south, the lesser Antilles, viz.: Margari- 
ta, Tortuga, Buenos Aijres, aud Curapoa. 



169 

On the north, the Bahama Islands, consisting of 
Grand Bahama^ Maco, JSleuthera, Providence, 
San Salvador, Long Island, Mayaguana, Turk^s 
Island, and tlie niiraeroiis keys and small islands 
with which they are surrounded. 

CUBA, (Spanish.) 

This nohle island is ahout 800 miles long, by 70 
broad. Its area is about ,^4,000 square miles, and 
it contains about 350,000 inhabitants. 

The fare of the country is exceedingly diversi- 
fied and beautiful ; and the soil is fertile in a high 
degree, producing sugar, tohacco, ginger, cotton, 
and other articles of great value. 

The chief city is Ilavanna, which contains about 
25,000 inhahitants. The other principal towns 
are, Matanzas, Trinidad^ St. Juan, and San Sal- 
vador. 

JAMAICA, (British.) 

This is. the most valuable island possessed by 
the English. It is ahout 150 miles long, by 50 
broad, containing an area of 6000 square miles, 
and contains a population of upwards of 300,000, 
of whom about 9-lOths are slaves. 

Tiie island is divided by a range of mountains, 
running nearly east and west tlirv)ughout its whole 
lens;th, in vvhi( h several rivers take th.eii rise, Sow- 
ing fhence in gentle streams to the sea. The. whole 
island is distiugnisheii by scenery of a superlative 
description, and the mountains are covered with ex- 



170 

tensive woods in perpetual verdure ; so that it may 
be said to enjoy a perpetual spring. In the inte- 
rior of the country, the island is quite healthy and 
agreeable ; but in many of the sea- ports it is very 
unwholesome, and becomes the grave of many Eu- 
ropeans, 

Spanish Town is the seat of government; but 
Kingston is by far the largest town, containing 
about 30,000 inhabitants, The other principal 
towns are, Montego-Baijf Savanna-la-Mar, and 
Falmouth. 

ST. DOMINGO, OR HAYTI, (Negroes.) 

This beautiful island is about 320 miles long, by 
about 150 broad, containing about 38,000 square 
mib's, and about 500,000 inhabitants, chiefly peo- 
ple of colour. It was once in such a flourishing 
state, that it was called the paradise of the West 
Indies ; but the revolution, which transferred the 
power from European hands into that of the people 
of coloui", has no doubt greatly altered its character. 

The s«»i! is excellent, and the island fti'Jile in the 
highi'st dt'i2;ree ; producing ulaiost every variety of 
a vegetable naMire lor use and beauty, or fnod and 
luxury, wliich Providenre has bes^towi d on man. 
But the climate is uniavouralile, and in luany places 
so fatal to Europeans, th:it it is probable they will 
never ujore gain an ascendancy on it. 

The ciiief towns are, St. l)amins;o. St. Jago, 
Port-au-Frince^ Jeremie^ tiud Vaj[)e J\'icuuiu Mole. 



171 



PORTO RICO, (Spanish.) 

This island is about 115 miles long, by 36 broad. 
Its area is about 4,000 square miles, and it r-oniains 
about S00,000 inhabitants, the number Iteinj^ great- 
ly augmented by the refugees from St. Domingo. 

The island is beautiful, fertile, and well water- 
ed ; and the produce is abundant, of sugar, cotton, 
ginger, &c. The chief town is St. Juan. 



CARIBBEE ISLANDS. 

These comprehend the whole of the group situ- 
ated between Porto Rico and Trinidad. Their 
size and relative situation will be distinctly seen 
on the map. The largest are Guadaloupe and 
JMartinico^ which are fine islands, containing up- 
wards of 30,000 inhabitants. They belong to the 
French. St. Martins and St. Bartholomew be- 
long to Sweden ; St. Thomas and Santa Cruz be- 
long to the Danes ; and all the rest are English. 

Of the English islands, Antigua, Barbadoes, and 
Trinidad, are the most important. They all fur- 
nish nearly the same kind of produce, of which 
sugar is the staple. They are all cultivated by 
slaves ; and they are all severe upon Europeaa 
constitutions. 

The population of the whole of the English isl- 
ands, including Jamaica, is about 900,000. 



172 



BAHAMA ISLANDS. 

These belong wholly to En2;lan(l, and are very 
numerous : l^ut, exceptins; Providence, they are of 
no great itnportanre. 'i'he principal port of the 
whole is JWsaau, in the island of Providence. 

The island of San Salvador, or Guanihani, 
is remarkable, as being th«' first landing-place in 
America of the immortal Columbus, who contri- 
buted so largely towards the discovery of the coun- 
tries represented on this map. 

BERMUDAS ISLANDS, (British.) 

These islands are situated about 800 miles from 
(he American continent, and al)oijt an equal dis- 
tance between Nova Scotia and the West Indies. 
There ar<^ a consiflorable number of islands in the 
group, but the greater part are mere rocks. There 
are only four of considerable importance. T'he 
largest island is named Bermudas^ but the ca[)ital 
of all the islands is situated in the island of St. 
George. The town of St. Georgr, (the capital,) 
contains about 500 houses. The other islands are, 
St. David^s and Somerset. 

The whole of the islands contain about 12 or 
13,000 acres of very poor land, of which a small 
part only is in cultivation. The chief produce is, 
maize, culinary vegetables, and cotton. 

The inhabitants amount to about 10,000, of 
whom nearly one-half are negroes. The principal 
employment is bhip building, navigation, and fishing. 



173 

The climate is very fine, and as they enjoy a 
perpetual spring, nothing can exceed the beauty of 
the scenery in these sequestered i*»lan(ls. The in- 
habitants are said to be kind and affable to stran- 
gers, which must render a residence among them 
very pleasant. 

Since the publication of the first edition of this 
work, we have received the following official 
returns of the population of the British West 
Indies, ordered to be printed by the House of 
Commons, July IS, 1815. 

Governor Raines, of Dominica, reports, that on 
the 19th of February, 1811, there were on the isl- 
and — 

Slaves - - 21,728 

Whites - - 1,325 

Free persons of colour 2,988 

Governor Bentinck, of Demerara, states the po- 
pulation of this island to be — 

Slaves - - 71,180 

Whites - - 2,871 

Free coloured - 2,980 

In the island of New Providence, one of the Ba- 
hama Islands, the population was, December 13^ 
1810— 

Whites - - 1,720 

Free blacks - 565 

Free coloured - 509 

Black slaves - 3,04*4 

Coloured slaves - 146 

Foreigners - - 100 



Grand total 6,034 



174 



St. Vincent Island contains— 




Whites 


- 


827 


Free coloured 


- 


646 


Slaves 


- 


32,0^0 


The Grenadines contain- 


— 




Whites 


. 


226 


Free coloured 


- 


76 


Slaves 


- 


3,000 


Bermuda contains — 






Slaves 


- 


4,794 


Whites 


- 


4,755 


Surinam contains — 






Whites 


- 


2,029 


Free colonred and black 


3,075 


Slaves 


- 


51,937 


Curracoa contains — 






Whites 


- 


2,781 


Free coloured 


- 


2,161 


Free blacks - 


- 


1,872 


Slaves, coloured 


- 


690 


Slaves, black 


- 


5,336 


Grrenada contains — 






Slaves 


- 


29,331 


Whites 


- 


771 


Free coloured 


- 


1,120 


Martinique contains — 






Slaves 


- 


ii^^n 


Whites 


- 


9,206 


Free coloured 


- 


8,630 


The births in this island 


in 1810 


, were — 


Whites 


- 


71 


Slaves 


- 


1,250 


Free coloured 


- 


80 



175 

Berbice contains — 

Whites - . 550 

Coloured - - S40 

Blacks - - 25,169 

The Slave population of Barbadoes exceeds 
69,000: that of Jamaica^ ai9,91S; and of Antigua, 
inr 1810, 3u,568. 



GEOGRAPHICAL INTELLIGENCE. 



THE FOLLOWING GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS 
HAVE BEEN 

PUBLISHED BY JOHN MELISH, 
AND ARE FOR SALE, 

AT THE PHICES ANNEXED. 



TRAVELS THROUGH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

in tlie years 1806 and 1807; and 1809, 1810, and 1811, including- an 
account of passai^es betwixt America and Britain, and Travels thronghi 
various parts of Britain, Ireland, and Canada, Illustrated by 8 Maps, 
with corrections and improvements to 1815, and a new set of colour- 
ed maps. In two volumes. — By John Melish. — Price ^6 bound, gS 
in boards. 

CHARACTER OF THIS WORK. 

Extract of a Letter from J\Ir. JeffersQU. 

"I have read your Travels with extreme satisfaction and informa- 
tion. .\s to the western states, particularly, it has greatly edified 
rae ; for of the actual condition of that interesting portion of the 
country, I had not an adequate idea. 1 feel myself now as familiar 
with it, as with the condition of the maritirne stales. 

•'The candour with which you have viewed the manners and con- 
dition of our citizens, is so unlike the narrow prejudices of the French 
and English travellers preceding you, who, considering each the man- 
ners and habits of their own people as the only orthodox, have viewed 
every thing differing from that test as boorish and barbarous; that 
your work will be read here extensively, and operate great good." 

Extract from the Port Folio. 

" Here is a kind of phenomenon. Two whole volumes of Travels 
in America, without any material errors; with no palpable falsehoods; 
no malignant abuse of individuals ; no paltry calumnies on the insti- 



178 

tutions of the United States. — The author is a plain practical man, 
whose observaiioDs are chiefl ^uluable on acco nt of tlie siamp oi 
Inith and simplicity \vhu;Ii ihey bear, und .\i)o h;»s rxamir. d ihe 
United States as many others are interesied in regurdin^" 'l, as a safe 
asylum for those who are about to form either commercifj) or ai^-ricul- 
tural establishments. He is obviously a shrewd ai'd sensible observer, 
and there is a clearness in his perceptions, and an accuracy in his de- 
tails, which is very satisfactory. The second * olume contains a nitn- 
bar of hig'hly interesting and curious statistical papers, which add 
much to its value; and through both volumes are intersjiersed a num- 
ber of very well executed maps." 

THE TRAVELLER'S DIRECTORY THROUGH THE UNITED 
STATES, consisting of a description of the Roads throughout the 
United States, compiled from the best materials, and illustrated by 
maps. — By John Melish. — Price §2 50 as a pocket-book, g2 plain, 
— with extra maps, §3. 

This little work wdl be found a most useful companion for the 
pocket. It serves as a pocket-book, and contains a sheet map of the 
United States. 

A MILITARY AND TOPOGR\PHICAL ATLAS, containing a 
great variety of maps and descriptions relative to the late war -—By 
JoHjf Melish. — Price %6 

This work will be found of great importance, in perusing the histo- 
rical records of the United States, particularly those that have rela- 
tion to the late war. 

A GENER.\L ATL.\S AND GEOGRAPHY, containing a general 
description of all the countries in ihe world, with numerous statisti- 
cal tables, and a series of coloured maps. — Price gS. 

AN UNIVERSAL SCHOOL ATLAS.— Price, coloured and bound, 
§2 50.— Plain and stitched, gl 50. 

This wdl be found a very excellent Atlas for the use of schools^ 
and young persons learning geography. The maps are all correct, 
with tiie latest information, an i the price is very low, which enables 
every person to become a purchaser. 

MAP OF AVAYNE AND PIKE COUNTIES, from actual survey.— 
By Jason TEiinET — with an index and explanation. — Price ^5. 

This work is of peculiar importance to those holding lands in these 
counties, or who may want it as a model for a similar work. The 
map shows all the tracts, which are numbered and referred to in the 
index, with the warrantee's name, and the quantity of acres in each. 

MAP OF THE ST.\TE OF OHIO, from actual sip-vey.—By Hough 
& Bourne.— Price glO. 

This is a most beautiful and Interesting map. It exhibits the ori- 
ginal surveys of the coonlry, as returned into the land-offices. The 
ranges, townships, and sections, are all distinctly seen, and being num- 



179 

bered as in the surveys, every land owner can discover his tract at a 
glance. 

MAP OF LOUISIANA AND PART OF THE MISSISSIPPI TER- 
Rl i ORY, from aciual survey; and a Geographical Description of 
Louisiana. — By William Darby. — Price ^12. 

Tliis IS a work of very great importance • There is no state in the 
union in which a delineation of the geography coiild be attended with 
more difSculty and labour than this. Such is the strange configura- 
tion of the country, heiug cut up, and infinitely diversified by bayous, 
swamps, bkes, lai^oons, and a ihoisand other objects c;>lrula!ed to 
imp.-ise difficulties on the undertaking, that none but a man of uncom- 
mon industry and perseverance, aidtd ly an entiiusiastic love for ihe 
dissemination of geoj^raphical science, couhi have accomplished it 
To tiiose who wish to become intimately acquainted wiili the geogra. 
pliy of this interesting state, the key, as it were, to the trade and 
prosperity of the western country, the publication of this work will 
be fiighly useful. 

MEMORIAL, ON THE NVTURAL, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL 
STVTE OF CUHAUILA, LEON, NEW SANTANDKR, AND TEX- 
AS — By Don Miguel Ramos de .\nisPE — Price 50 cents. 

This IS a most interesting niemoir, and will be found peculiarly 
useful in illustrating the pui't of the map of the Spanish possessions 
to which it has reference. It was originally published in Cadiz, in 
the year 1812. Tlie translation was handed to the author of the Map 
of thr United States bj Dr. Mease, of this rity, and it was published 
at the request of a number of gentlemen belonging to the Philadelphia 
Atiienaeum. 

THE SINE QUA NON— Being a map of tlie United States, show- 
ing the boundaries proposed by the British commissioners at Ghent, 
with the documents relative lo the neguciation — Price gl. 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, wth the contiguous British and 
Spanish Possession's, compiled from the lalesi and best auihorities, 
and accompanied I'y a Geographicrl Description. — By John Melisu. — 
Price of the map and description, full mounted on rollers, or in the 
portable form, glO. 

This map extends across the continent, from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific Ocean, and from Hudson's Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, andem- 
bi aces the most extensive and interesting view ever publisijed in Ame- 
rica. It combines together the result of all the geographical know- 
ledge extant, in regard to the coimtrits represented on the surface. 
The United Stales are from actual survey, so far as ihe surveys have 
extended ; ami the remainder from the best authorities, includnig all 
that is known in the public offices. The British Possvssions and 
West Indies are delineated from the most recent maps and surveys ; 

A a 



180 

and Ihe western part combines in one interestintj view, the united re- 
searclu's of Pike, Lewa and Clark, and Humboldt; with a number of 
particuhas communicated by more recent travellers. 

The Geographical Description contains — 

1st. A briet description of the g-eneral form and features of the map; 
with an account of the materials from which it was constructed. 

2dly. A t;eneral view of the United States ; with a particular ac- 
count of 1 lie boundary lines between them and the British and Spanish 
possessions. 

3dly. A particular view of the United States, geographically ar- 
ranged into states and territories; with topographical tables of the 
countifs, townships, and population ; and a complete list of the post 
offices in the several districts. 

4thly. A view of the British possessions to the north and east of the 
United States. 

5thly. A view of the Spanish internal provinces, and of Florida. 

6thly. A view of the West Indies, and the islands of Bahama and 
Bermuda. 

MAP OF THE WORLD ON MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, with 
A DESCRIPTION — Price of tiie map and description, full mounted, 
§10. — Dii of the map separate as a sea chart, §8. 

This map is intended us a companion to the map and description 
of the United States, and is a work of great importance, inasmuch as 
it shows the general features of the whole world at a glance. The 
United States territory is accurately delineated, for the first time on a 
general map, and all the recent suI)divisions carefully laid down. The 
whole is corrected from the latest information, and many recent sur- 
veys inlrod'ice<l. Tlie map has vanons compasses on its surface foi' 
pointing otit courses, ;in(l a triangular scale for measuring distance. 
The description, besides serving for this map, is a general epitome of 
the geography of tlie world. 

A GEOLOGIC \L MAP OF THE UXITED STATES.—The geo- 
logical lines by Win- INlaclure, esq. — Price %\0. 

Also, A GEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, by 

Wm. Maclure, esq., dlnstratcd by maps — Price §1 75. 

SHEET J\M PS — Price Si each, handsomely coloured, rix,, .- 

THE UNITED STATES. 

THE NORTHERN SECTION OF THE UNITED STATES, in- 
cluding Canada. 

THE SOUTHERN SECTION OF THE UNITED STATES, in 

eluding Florida. 



181 

THE AMERICAN COAST, from the Long Island Sound to the 
Gapes of Virginia. 

DETROIT RIVER, and adjacent country. 
QUEBEC, and adjacent country. 

RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, and adjacent country, from St. Regis to 
Montreal. 

NEW ORLEANS, and adjacent country. 

SEAT OP WAR IN EUROPE. 

INDIANA. 

TENNESSEE, just published.— Price gl 50. 

HALF SHEET MAPS.— Price 30 cents each, handsomely 
coloured. 

THE WORLD. ENGLAND. 

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EUROPE. IRELAND. 

ASIA. OHIO. 

AFRICA. KENTUCKY. 
UNITED STATES. 

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St. Regis, 75 cents. 

AN ELEMENTARY MAP, 25 cents. 

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AN OUTLINE MAP OF THE WORLD, 12^ cents. 

OCTAVO MAPS Price 12^ cents each, via.:, 

PHILADELPHIA, and adjacent country. 
NEW YORK, and adjacent country- 
BALTIMORE, and adjacent country. 
BOSTON, and adjacent country. 
PIT ISBURG, and adjacent country. 
ZANESVILLE, (state of Ohio), and adjacent country. 



18a 

FALLS OF Nr\GAR\, and adjacent country. 

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EAST F\U OF LAKK ONTARIO. 

MONTllEAL. 

FOR SJLE. 

BRVDLEVS MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 4 sheets mount 
ed, glO 

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The sumt- reduced, momud {54. 

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mounted, g8 

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PRICE AND S i ROTHER'S MAP OF NORTH CAROLINA, g8. 

It is proposed to publish as soon as possible, as accompaniments 
to the M..ps of the United States and the World, 

A SERIES OF SHEET MA PS, to embrace each state axd terri- 
TOUT in the Union, showin,^- tlit counties, post towns, post roads, and 
a multitude of minute particulars, which could not be introduced into 
a general map. 

Also, A SERIES OF SHEET MAPS of other countries; and 
A SERIES OF SHEET CHARTS of the most interesting waters. 
TItese sheet m ps and charts will he all uniform in plan and size, 

so that the possessors may bind them, or any number of them, into an 

Atlas. 

Being desirous of making this establishment embrace every thing 
useful relative to geograpiiy, the subject of GLOBES has been taken 
under consideration; and mc.isures hate been taken to commence a 
Globe Manufactory at as early a period as possible. The Celestial 
Globes will be finished .n the most approved manner; and the Ter- 
restrial Globfs wdl give a more faithful delineation of the United 
States than any heretofore published. 



18§ 



The basis on which the whole of the geography of the coiintry restsj 
IS siAPs FROJi ACTUAL SURVEY, and its political subdivisions is highly 
favourable to the bringing them forward in the character of State 
Maps. 

It is qnite obvious that ETEnr state should have its own map. It 
should be state property, suijject to the controul of no individual 
whatever. Iiidividuuls are not equal to the task of bringing them for- 
ward, and keeping them correct. Wherever they have embarked in 
the business, they have lost much time and money; and unless the 
States embark in it, the geography of the country cannot be brought 
to maturity. There are very favourable symptoms that they will de 
this, of which we will take notice by and by ; in the mean time, as the 
bsiness has been much facilitated by the exertions of a number of 
meritorious individuals, we shall here, in addition to the partial view 
already taken, give a connected general view of the whole. 

Maine and Massachusetts, by Carlton — Very poor engravings, and 
the matter defective for want of a view of the towns and villages. 

New Hampshire, by Carrigain — A very meritorious map, and ele- 
gantly engraved. This is worthy of the state of New Hampshire, and 
should be adopted as the State Map, the property of the state. 

Vermont, by Whiteloiu. — This map is very similar to those of Mas- 
sachusetts and Maine. 

Rhode Island. — Of this state there is no good map- One should be 
executed by (he Itrgisluture. 

Connecticut.. — A beautiful four sheet map of this interesting state, 
on a scale of 2i miles to an inch, has been executed by order of the 
legislature. 

New York — Excellent maps of this state were executed by Mr De 
Witt, the surkeyor-iieneral. The largest one, six sheets, on a scale of 
5 miles to an inch ; the reduced one, one sheit, on a scale of 15. A 
very interesting map of New Yoi-k and part of the adjacent slates, on 
a scale of 10 miles to an inch, is in preparation by Mr. John Eddy of 
New Yoik. 

New Jersey. — A map of this state was lately published by a Mr. 
Watson; but it is a very inferior production, and is now out of circu- 
lation There is a strong desire in the state to have a good map, and 
the le..^islattire will probably take the necessary steps to bring for-- 
ward ;■ State Map, at their next session. 

Pennsylvania.— The legislature of this state, at their last session, 
passed an act directing the formation of a new m.ip, on a scale of 5 
miles to an inch; — the materials to be collected by counties, on a 
scale of 2^ mih s. This map when compltted will be one of the best 
thai has ever appeared in any country. 



184 

MAnrLAND and Delaware have been noticed. Griffith's Map is a 
good basis, but it wants improvement The probability is, that the 
legislature will soon order a new map of this interesting- state. 

VinGiNiA. — Madison's Map h;.s been noticed. Ii also wants im- 
provement. The legislature recently passed an act relative to a new 
map. 

Ohio has been noticed. Houp^h and Botirne's Map is excellent. 

Kentucky — Proposals have been issued by Mr. Sneed and Mr. 
Munseil, for the publication of a map of this state, on a scale of five 
miles to an inch. It will be probably be a good map. 

Tesxessee. — A good map of this state has just been published. 

North Carolixa. — By Price and Strothers- A good basis, but wants 
improvement. 

South Caroiina. — The legislature of this state passed an act at 
their last session, appropriating gl5,000 to make a survey of the 
country for a new map. 

Georgia — An excellent map of this state, by Mr. Daniel Stiir^-is/is 
nearly ready for publication- 

Louisiana, by Darby, has been noticed. 

The delineation of the geography of the several territories, will be 
found on the map of the United States, and Bradley's Mup; and the 
local particulars will be brought forward in the Series of Sheet Maps, 
before noticed. 



Upon the whole, we must congratulate our fellow citizens on the 
taste for geographical science that is every where exhibited through- 
out this country. We have frequenily remarked that Bradley's Map 
of the United States was a better map of this country, than any map 
of England was of England. It is hoped that the present Map of the 
United States, will not suffer by comparison- A gentleman of exten- 
sive philosophical research, lately returned from Enrope, asserted 
that the geography of this country was much better known than was 
that of Europe. This assertion was strictly true, and the reason is 
obvious. In Europe the countries were o/J before the dawn of geogra- 
phical science — a sm<.ll portion of them only have been submitted to 
actual survey ; and the gevernment being in the hands of a few, a few 
only are interested in the geography of the country. Here, on the 
contrary, the countries are 7ieiv, and have nearly all been surveyed ; 
and ALL THE people are deeply interested in the country. It is theirs, 
and a cirrect knowledge of its geography is to ihem all-important. 

To do the subject justice, however, reqmres constant exertions. 
The progress of society is so rapid, that important changes tyke place 
every year. Six new counties have been laid out in the state of Penn- 



185 

aylvania since the last census ; and upwards of two hundred post of- 
fices have been created since the last edition of the large copy of 
Reading' Howell's Map was published. The new roads and bridges 
are also very numerous. Greater changes still have taken place in 
some of the other states. 

It has been already stated, that it is an object too heavy for indivi- 
dual enterprise, to bring forward the state maps from actual survey. 
This opinion is no- new. in adverting to the subject in our last pub- 
lication of this nature, it was observed, that " Each state should have 
"its owsr MAP from actual survey. The state maps should be all on 
"the same scale, /ve miles to an inch; .md should be so managed, that 
"the geographical lines of the whole series would correspond. Care 
" should also be taken to keep them constantly improved, so as they may 
"keep pace with the progressive geography of the country." 

The result of all the experience we have had smce that publication, 
has tended to confirm the correctness of these remarks ; and it is 
highly gratifying to find that this sentiment is gaining ground, and is 
likely to become general Several legislative bodies have already 
paved the way for bringing forward stale maps. We have already no- 
ticed the map published by the slate of Connectic^it ; the measures 
taken by the states of Virginia and Souih Carolina, and those in con- 
templation by JVev> Jersey; and we shall close ihis account by a view 
of the proceedings in relation to the New State Map of Pennstlva- 

NIA. 

In the session of 1814, Mr Isaac Weaver, of Greene county, a mem- 
ber of the senate, moved a resolution that measures might be taken 
to bring forward a new map of the state. This resolution passed both 
houses unanimously ; and during the summer, the prt paratory steps 
were taken by the secretary of the commonwealth to ascertain the 
best plan of procuring the materials, and publislung the map. 

In the early part of 1816, the author of the Map of the United States 
was called upon for information regarding it, which he accordingly 
communicated by letter; but, viewing this as an excellent opportuni- 
ty for the introduction ot his favourite theory, he was induced to take 
a journey to ihe seat of the state government on the subject. The 
business was new to the legislature, and involved much detail that 
could not be communicated by writing. It was all-important that the 
plan should be simple and practicable-, and hopes were entertained that 
such a one could be arranged ns would serve for a model m forward- 
ing this branch of business gtntrully. 

On his arrival at Harrisburg, he found the governor, secretary, sur- 
veyor-general, and all the public officers, most cordially disposed to- 
wards the map. The business was before a committee of the senate, 
consisting of Mr. Isaac Weaver, Mr. Lane, Mr. Foster, Mr. Riddle, 
and Mr. Lowrie- 



186 

The liberality of the sentiments entertained by these gentlemen on 
the subject, afforded a favourable omen; and ii soon appeared that 
the disposition towards the map was favourable throughout both 
branches of the leg'islalure- 

When all the parties engag'ed in a great work are in earnest, the 
business is soon arranged. After a short interview, the plan of ihe 
map was matured and brought before the legislature. With some 
slight modification, it passed both houses by great majorities, and, 
receiving the governor's a.ssent, became a law- 

The secretary and surveyor-general immidiately formed the con- 
tract for the puolicaiion (jf the map, and the most prompt measures 
have been taken to collect the materials. So far as it has been tested 
by experience, every part of the plan seems to be complete; and it is 
believed that this liberal proceeding of the state of Pennsylvania, will 
have the most beneficial effect in the dissemination of a knowledge of 
the geography of the western world. 

P. S- Since the second edition of the Description of the United 
States was published, considerable progress has been made- in the 
map of Pennsylvania. Very excelleiit MS- maps have been received 
of the following counties : 

Susq ehanna, — Wayne, — Pike, — Northampton, — Luzerne, — Schuyl- 

killj Lehit,'h, — Bucks, — Montgomery, — Philadelphia, — Delaware, — 

LebaiK/o, — Dauphin, — Northumberland, — Columbia, — Bradford, — 
Xiofj^a, — Lycoming, — Union, — Adams, - -Huntingdon, — Potter, — 
M'Kt-an, — Jefferson, — Fayette, — Washington,— Alleghany, — Indiana, 
Armstrong, — Butler, — Beaver. 

Of these, MoiUgomirry, Luzerne, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Hunting- 
don are in ihe hands of the engraver, and will speedily be published. 
The drawing of the State Map is commenced, and will advance as 
fast as the matenais are procured. It is believed thai not only the 
State Map but the various Coun y Maps will be published, and the 
whole will afford a very hanilsume specimen of the rapid progress of 
geographical science in the United Slates. 



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